UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas RESULTS (13 Dec 2019)

13 December 2019

CATEGORIES - Governance & Politics, Map Post, National Governance & Politics
TAGS - New Map, Political Knowledge, UK Parliament, UK Parliament Constituencies, UK Parliament Elections, UK Parliament Members (MP's)

NOTE – Although the reconstituted UK Parliament will reconvene on monday the 16th of December 2019, it will take several weeks for all the online knowledge resources to catch up, especially for the new MPs elected for the very first time.

It’s all over bar the shouting for another 5 years (aye, right!), so we can now update our 2019 UK Parliament General Election CANDIDATES Knowledge Atlas with the actual RESULTS, now that all of Scotland’s 59 constituencies have declared.

So all the previously blank cells in the embedded recent election results spreadsheets have been filled in for each Scottish constituency, the successfully elected candidate seed branches ‘flagged & tagged’, and their shiny new majorities embedded as single data fields.

However though the UK Parliament will open it’s doors again on monday the 16th of December, it will take a few days for each victorious candidate to be sworn in as an MP, and so officially re-constitute it. It will then take several weeks for all the online knowledge resources to catch up, especially for the new MPs elected for the first time. Thus even though it won’t take long to publish an updated version of our General, Geographic & Electoral Knowledge Atlas for Constituencies, we wll have to leave it for a month or so until mid January 2020 before we can publish an updated version of our Scottish Constituencies & Members – Political Knowledge Atlas, but in the meanwhile this map will tell you “who’s who and who’s new, doon the road in the Big Hoose”, with all the embedded and attached knowledge resources still available for those who have been previously.

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Part of the 'Governance & Politics' Category

Knowledge seed branches provide a ‘base level’ of contextual knowledge about the subject embedded within, or attached to, them in the form of…

Image [Embedded] – Such as thumbnail location maps, flags, icons, people profile pictures etc., which provide a unique visual element that users can instantly latch on to as they navigate their way through the map.

Text [Embedded] – Rich (ie. variably formatted) branch text – such as names & unique identifying codes (taken from official sources) – is a unique MindManager feature.

Note [Attached] – Contains supplementary information with all the elements of a word processed page – variably formatted (‘rich’) text, tables and images.

Spreadsheet Table / Chart [Embedded] – Containing contextual facts & figures, which can be toggled between table and chart view as appropriate (once again unique to MindManager).

Multiple Single Data Fields [Embedded] – Another way of adding contextual facts & figures to the map (once again unique to MindManager), these are like single cells in a spreadsheet and the values can be used to format the topic.

Index Marker Tags [Attached] – Arranged in groups and added to individual branches as appropriate, tags add contextual knowledge, enable map filtering and navigation.

Multiple Hyperlinks [Attached] – Another unique feature, multiple links to a range of official definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources about the subject of the seed branch – usually selected from the full range of general & geographic knowledge resource collections – help turn the map into a knowledge portal without adding to the visual clutter.

All the seed branches and their associated embedded / attached contextual knowledge elements used in this map are described in detail below…

UK Parliament Constituency Political Knowledge Seed Branch

Table now completed with 2019 election results

UK Parliament Scottish Constituency Knowledge Seed Branch

Branch Outline Shape Fill Colour Image Text Note Spreadsheet Table Index Marker Tags & Goups Attached Hyperlinks

MindManager provides an unparalleled range of ‘information cartography’ functionality that enables contextual knowledge to be embedded and attached to map branches in multiple ways…

Branch Outline Shape
For geographic area seed branches the outline shape indicates the nature of it’s borders with it’s equivelant neighbours…

CIRCLE = all coastal borders (ie. ‘island(s)’)

HEXAGON = all land borders (ie. ‘land-locked’)

ROUNDED RECTANGLE = mixed coastal & Land borders

Note(s)
i) Assignment of shapes to geographic area seed branches is controlled by MindManager’s unique Smart Rule feature using the ‘UK PARL CONS – Borders Types’ tag (eqivelant to thematic mapping in GIS).

Fill Colour: Political Affiliation
The colour of the branch indicates the political party affiliation of the incumbent elected member (MP), or as an ‘independent’.

Note(s)
i) Assignment of fill colour to electoral area seed branches is controlled by MindManager’s unique Smart Rule feature using the ‘UK PARL CONS – Current Political Party’ tag.

Image: Thumbnail Location Map
MindManager allows a single image to be embedded within a branch, which may be sufficient for the requirements. However with a bit of forethought (and some software ‘jiggery pokery’ 🙂 ) we can also create one that incorporates more than one visual element so that, like the ‘rich’ branch text, more core knowledge can be ‘packed in’ to a single branch without visually overwhelming the user.

‘Thumbnail’ Constituency Location Map – The thumbnail ‘boundaries only’ map (which has been created by us) shows the constituency area within Scotland.

Note(s)
i) All images are optimised to reduce the file size.

ii) Due to the disparate nature of the size of the geographic areas of UK Parliamentary Constituencies, locations are not always immediately obvious for the smallest ones. If you zoom in on-screen, all will become clear though!

Text: Official Name & Unique Identifying Codes
Thanks to MindManager’s unique ability to handle ‘rich’ text – the ability to variably format individual characters within a single text ‘string’ – we can pack several different pieces of ‘core knowledge’ into the text of a single branch without it visually overwhelming the user.

Note(s)
i) All names and codes are meticulously sourced from official sources to ensure unambiguous identification of the council body and easy cross-referencing with other data sources, especially GIS databases (though it’s still not without it’s contradictions – see below!).

Constituency Name – We have taken the names of the Constituency from the parliament website.

ONS Code – The UK Government Office for National Statistics and in partnership with the devolved governments maintain a series of codes to uniquely represent a wide range of geographical areas of the UK (such as Council Areas and Electoral wards), for use in tabulating census and other statistical data, known as ‘ONS codes‘ or ‘GSS (Government Statistical Service) codes’.
Although the codes are not formally hierarchical like the previous system it replaced, ONS codes for the same type of geographic area start with the same 3 characters…

S12 = Unitary Authority
S13 = Ward or Electoral Division
S14 = Westminster Parliamentary Constituency
S15 = European Electoral Region
S16 = Scottish Parliament Constituency
S17 = Scottish Parliament Electoral Region
S21 = National Park
S22 = Travel to Work Area
S23 = Police Force Area
S34 = Workplace Zone
S92 = Country

Note: Election Log
Additional knowledge can be attached to the branch in the form of a note. This is basically as rich an environment as a word processor page, so ‘rich’ text, tables and images.

Election log – The incidence and results of general elections and by-elections in constituenciess will be logged here.

Note(s)
i) By-elections in the Scottish Constituencies of the UK Parliament are infrequent, with the last one taking place in Inverclyde on 30 June 2011. That may be ‘only’ 8 years ago, but 3 (probably soon to be 4) parliaments ago!

ii) As with mapping Local Councillors, it has proved impossible to find ‘official’ sources of information about changes to the political circumstances in Constituencies and / or MPs in the institution’s (ie. the UK Parliament’s) ‘official’ website, especially the ‘old’ version.

iii) As is so often the case in our knowledge mapping work, the only place where such information is gathered in the one, easily accessible place and freely accessible in the public domain, is Wikipedia. However…

how quickly after the event the information appears on is another matter…
… if at all (and we have no way of knowing it’s missing).

Spreadsheet Table: Recent Election Results (coloured by party)
As well as the ability to link to, and import, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, MindManager also (again uniquely) has it’s own in-built spreadsheet tool that allows users to create their own from scratch within a branch. This provides yet another way of packing in a lot more visually structured knowledge into a single map branch eg. election results, colour coded by political party for easier comprehension!

Note(s)
i) If appropriate, and it’s correctly structured, embedded spreadsheets can be toggled between the Table View and a Chart View of the data. However this feature is only available within MindManager. Whatever view is set there at the point of export, is the one that will appear in the HTML version of the map.

ii) Like Embedded Data Fields, Embedded Spreadsheets can be hidden / shown by clicking the green toggle arrow just above the top right corner.

Recent Election Results (coloured by party) – This embedded spreadsheet shows results of General Elections and by-elections in the consituency going back to 1997 (if applicable), coloured by political party for the winning candidate and their majority, but with a new blank column awaiting the results for the forthcoming 2019 election. It provides ‘at a glance’ contextual political knowledge. The results are taken from the Wikipedia article for the constituency, which contains the list of candidates and results of all general elections, as well as useful background historical knowledge (which makes it the ‘go to’ single source of general election knowledge that we have found).

Note(s)
i) The Scottish Parliament was re-established on 6th May 1999 after the devolution referendum of 11th September 1997. This is why we show UK Parliament elections results going back to the 1997 if applicable.

ii) There was a major review of consituency boundaries by the Boundary Commission in Scotland in 2005, which was required under the Scotland Act 1998 to reduce the number of Scottish constituencies from 72 to 59. This is why the results only go back to the 2005 election for many constituencies (though the Wikipedia article has results for the historical consitutuency for context).

Index Marker Tags & Goups: Various
A variety of Index Markers arranged into groups are used throughout the map to tag branches as appropriate and enable map filtering and quick navigation. Marker groups can be copied and used to do the same in any other maps.

Note(s)
i) Within MindManager tags…

provide a useful means of internal navigation between map topics (clicking on the branch that is shown as being tagged with that marker in the ‘Index Task Pane’ will immediately focus the map on that banch).
can be generated automatically from branches (the title of the parent branch is the group name and those of all the immediate sub-branches become the individual tags within the group) .
can be copied and pasted in their groups from one map to another.

NAVIGATION (‘NAV’) MARKERS
‘Navigation’ index markers tag the topics that they are named after. They provide another way of navigating the map – clicking on the tag in the index pane takes the user straight to the tagged topic.

NAV – UK Parliament Constituency – Each UK Parliament Scottish Constituency seed branch is tagged with it’s own index marker (it’s name), created from the branch text itself. Thus there are 2 ‘parts’ to the marker tag – Constituency name (ONS Code) eg. Glasgow North Constituency (S14000031).

POLITICAL MARKERS
‘Political’ index markers tag branches with knowledge about the party political electoral process…

UK PARL CONS – Type – Historically there were several diferent types of UK Paliamentary Constituency, with significant differences between the way each worked. However since the advent of universal suffrage, the differences between county and borough constituencies are slight.
From Wikipedia…
“Borough constituencies are predominantly urban while county constituencies are predominantly rural. There is no definitive statutory criterion for the distinction; the Boundary Commission for England has stated that, “as a general principle, where constituencies contain more than a small rural element they should normally be designated as county constituencies. Otherwise they should be designated as borough constituencies.”[1] In Scotland, all House of Commons constituencies are county constituencies except those in the cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee and three urban areas of Lanarkshire”.

UK PARL CONS – Current Political Party – Designation of sitting MP’s current party affiliation (tag is coloured as per the usual UK political party colours).

GEOGRAPHIC (‘GEO’) MARKERS
‘Geomarker’ index markers provide ‘spatial intelligence’ in a map by tagging topics as being part of a specific geographic area of various ‘types’ – administrative, electoral, statistical, topographic etc. The areas do not need to be topics in the map for them to be a ‘Geomarker’. They are the equivalent of ‘Lookup Tables’ in ‘GIS’.

GEO Borders
The nature of the area’s borders with it’s equivelant neighbours…

UK PARL CONS – Borders Types – This Marker Group indicates the status of the constituency’s borders with all of it’s equivalent neighbours, in respect to the ocean (as per the topic shape). Thus these tags will enable the filtering of a map to show / hide those areas that do / do not have a coastline.
Possible tags…

All Coastline (Island)
Mixed
No Coastline (Land-locked)

UK PARL CONS – Shared Land Borders – This Marker Group indicates which other UK Parliamentary Scottish Constituency(s) that the selected constituency shares a mutual border with, as shown on the Ordnance Survey Election Map online viewer.
On mainland Scotland UK Parliament constituency borders are contiguous i.e. there are no ‘gaps’ between them, so they have a complex interplay with shoreline, freshwater lochs, rivers, estuaries (firths), sea lochs and the ‘extent of the realm’ (the national boundary offshore). Thus in some cases constituencies share a mutual border on a water feature rather than land.
The ‘islands’ – Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles – are far enough away from the mainland that they do not share a mutual boundary with any others.

GEO Unique Identifying Codes
Within the branch text we incorporate unique identifiers codes for geographic areas for easy cross-reference with other data sources, especially GIS databases.
We also add some of the truly unique codes as ‘geo’ index marker tags to the topic. Only one topic in the map will have that ‘geo tag’. This offers interesting possibilities for adding further content at a later date.

UK PARL CONS – UK EU-NUTS2 Region – The European Union Statistics Agency (Eurostat) maintains a list of ‘Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS)‘ codes for it’s constituent member states (including Scotland as part of the United Kingdom) for statistical reporting & comparison purposes. Each member state has a parent NUTS code, and then there are 3 levels of ‘NUTS code’ for the statistical reporting areas, which in Scotland equate to…

NUTS for member state = United Kingdom = UK
NUTS 1 = Scotland = UKM
NUTS 2 = Regional groupings of Scottish Council Areas…
NUTS 3 = A ‘rag-tag’ mixture with codes covering sub-groupings of neighbouring council areas within the NUTS 2 region, single council areas for ‘large’ councils, and in the case of the ‘super large’ Highland Council area, internal geographic subdivisions along ‘historic county’ lines.

This means…

NUTS 2 ‘regions’ don’t correspond exactly to any other way of subdividing Scotland regionally e.g. Scottish Parliament Electoral Regions (even though the nomenclature may by similar).
NUTS 3 codes are not always unique to individual councils i.e. they cannot be used as unique identifiers.
NUTS 3 codes don’t always follow Local Council Area boundaries e.g. the Island of Arran is part of North Ayrshire Council Area (NUTS 3 = UKM33), but is included in the ‘Highlands and Islands’ (NUTS 3 = UKM63) area for EU statistical reporting purposes.

There are 2 ‘parts’ to the marker – NUTS 2 area name (NUTS 2 Code) eg. South Western Scotland Region (UKM3).

UK PARL CONS – ONS Code – The Constituency’s official identifying code given by the UK Government Office for National Statistic (ONS) in partnership with the Scottish Government, as per the Branch Text above.

GEO ‘Look-Up Geographies
In the world of Geographic Information (GI) a ‘look up’ defines the link between one geographic feature and another. Most commonly this is between geographic areas of different ‘types’. For example a Local Council Electoral Ward will also coincide with ‘higher’ electoral geographies of Scottish Parliament Constituencies & Regions, and United Kingdom Parliament Constituencies. Of course the boundaries of the different geographies do not necessarily coincide or ‘nest’ exactly (though they might have done at one time). Thus relationships are often ‘one to many’, or even ‘many to many’, which is ‘database speak’ for ‘it’s complicated’.
Relationships are usually derived using computerised spatial analysis, with the results stored in ‘look-up tables‘ in databases or spreadsheets. ‘Geo’-tagging map branches that represent geographic areas is our hopefully useful alternative.
You can get more of an idea of the complexities of UK Geographihies from the handy UK Office of National Statistics Beginners Guide To UK Geography.

UK PARL CONS – UK Home Nation – As it sounds. The presence of this tag has been inherited from prior Knowledge Mappers’ maps of all the constituencies in the UK Parliament in the one map. The tag consists of just the name ‘Scotland’.

UK PARL CONS – Scottish LCs – All the Scottish local council areas that overlap with the UK Parliament Constuencies. There are usually at least 2.
There are 2 ‘parts’ to this marker – Council Name (ISO3166-2 Code – ONS Code) eg. East Renfrewshire Council (GB-ERW – S12000011).

UK PARL CONS – Scottish Electoral Wards – All the Scottish Local Council Electoral Ward areas that overlap with the UK Parliament Constituencies. There are 2 ‘parts’ to this marker – Electoral Ward Name (LGBCS Ward Number – ISO3166-2 Code – ONS Code) eg. Barrhead, Liboside and Uplawmoor (Ward 1 – GB-ERW – S13002914).

UK PARL CONS – Scot Parl Region – Scottish Parliamentary Consituencies are distributed between regions, which also have elected members. The marker is just the Scottish Parliamentary Constituency Region Name eg. West Scotland.

UK PARL CONS – Scot Parl Cons – All the Scottish Parliament Constuencies that overlap with the UK Parliamentary constituency. There are 2 ‘parts’ to this marker – Scottish Parliamentary Constituency Name (ONS Code) eg. Eastwood (S16000103).

Attached Hyperlinks: Multiple
See next section for full details.

UK Parliament Scottish Constituency Knowledge Seed Branch

General Knowledge Resource Links Geographic Knowledge Resource Links Electoral Knowledge Resource Links

One of our philosophies at KnowledgeMappers is not to reinvent the wheel whenever possible. Thus we include hyperlinks to original official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge sources whenever possible, as well as links to Wikipedia pages for additional, “bigger picture” context (often not obvious, or even absent from, the original source). By doing this…

original sources get used more often, by more people.
errors get spotted quicker, thereby improving the information quality for everybody.
updates get promulgated sooner to end users.
rather than us having to interpret original sources to create further information resources around “big picture” context for a subject we are not experts in, users of our map can “get it straight from the horses mouth” as it were, so everybody benefits.

Note(s)
i) MindManager has the unique ability to have multiple hyperlinks attached to a single map branch, and to edit the default title text of the link to make it more meaningful to the user. This…

greatly reduces the visual clutter of the map.
means a full basket of links to official / definitive / useful knowledge resources about the subject can stay with the seed branch if it is re-used in other maps.

The chain icon at the end of a branch (rather than the favicon (icon) served by the linked-to website) indicates where a branch has more than one hyperlink.

ii) In the circular knowledge economy way of Wikipedia if there is knowledge that you could add to an existing page that is linked to, or even starting a page that doesn’t yet exist, then go for it! That’s what it’s all about!

iii) Not all of the resources below will exist for all constituencies.

The following knowledge resource links are attached to this seed branch (arranged in alphabetical order within the groupings)…

General Knowledge Resource Links

UK Parliament – Constituency Representation – The UK Parliament is gradually rolling out a new website with improved information about MPs and consituencies. This constituency page is a recent addition to the site. It shows…

‘Representation’ tab – Shows the recent history of ‘representation’ for the constituency back to 2005, cross-referencing to the individual MP’s page, even for previous members.
‘Location’ tab – Shows a ‘rough’ boundary of the constituency in an embedded Google Map. Viewers are directed to the Ordnance Survey election maps map viewer website for a more detailed boundary map.

Note(s)
i) The Wikipedia consituency article shows the full history of elections and elected members for the constituency. This is especially useful flagging up material changes to consituency boundaries over the years.

House of Commons Library – Constituency Local Data Dashboard – The House of Commons Library is a research and information service based in UK Parliament. Their interactive Local Data dashboard brings together some of the key statistics for parliamentary constituencies. Select the constituency you are interested in and the dashboard will update. To find out which constituency you live in, type your postcode into Parliament’s find your MP service.
Use the links under each heading to explore the data in more detail, or browse all the detailed dashboards and briefings.
Sources are provided below the dashboard.

Note(s)
i) Due to the architecture of the site, it is not possible to link to individual constituency data profiles. Users must manually select the constituency they want from the drop down list.

Scottish Government Statistics Portal – Westminster Parliamentary Constituency – This is the link to the constituency’s data profile page in the ‘Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies’ section on the geostatistical atlas section of the statistics.gov.scot website. As well as key facts, the data about the Constituency is grouped as…

Social Environment
Crime and Justice
Economic Activity, Benefits and Tax Credits
Economy
Education, Skills and Training
Environment
Geography
Health and Social Care
Housing
Labour Force
Population
Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
Transport

Wikipedia – Article on the UK Parliament constituency – As well as the full history of elections and elected members for the constituency, the Wikipedia consituency article includes the general history. This is especially useful flagging up material changes to consituency boundaries over the years.

Geographic Knowledge Resource Links

Boundary Commission for Scotland – Fifth Review Constituency Map [PDF & online viewer] – The Boundary Commission for Scotland helpfully publish GIS produced, constituency boundary maps in PDF (i.e. static) format as part of their periodic review process. The maps show the boundaries against an Ordnance Survey basemap, and can be easily printed if required.
The last review of UK parliementary boundaries was the 5th Review in 2005. A single report covering the review considerations and recommendations for all Scottish consituencies can be downloaded from the review page (multiple links), as well as an overview map of all consituencies in Scotland.

UK Parliament – Constituency Location Map – As noted in the General Links section above, the UK Parliament is gradually rolling out a new website with improved information about MPs and consituencies. On the ‘new improved’ constituency page there is an embedded map showing the ‘rough’ boundary of the constituency over a minimal Google Map in the ‘Location’ tab.

Note(s)
i) Viewers are directed to the Ordnance Survey election maps map viewer website for a more detailed boundary map. Unfortunately it is not possible to link to individual map views, so users will have to manually ‘switch on’ the ‘Westminster Constituencies’ layer from the selection panel on the left side of the window.

Electoral Knowledge Resource Links

BBC News Election Results – Constituency – The BBC News website has the ‘last couple’ of General Election results at individual constituency level (though there’s not any additional consistuency profile information). There are separate ‘sub-sites’ for each General Election at national level (2017 and 2015).

UK Parliament Elections Online 2017 – United Kingdom Parliamentary Constituency – The UK Parliament website is gradually rolling out a new website with improved information about MPs and consituencies. The new Elections Online section has overall & individual constituency results for UK General Elections since 2010 as tables, maps and charts.
National and regional seat summaries for the selected constituency are shown in the table below the pie chart, click/tap the buttons to move between country, region and county.

Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club – Constituency Elections – This is a ‘newly discovered by us’ website that not only lists all UK local and national elections and by-elections since 2016 (as well as the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections), but also has crowd-sourced details about all the candidates standing in each and every constituency or ward (eg. links to their official websites and social media as well as previous elections they may have stood in that they have details of). For UK Parliament constituencies there are links to the separate pages – one each for the 2010, 2015 and 2017 General Elections as well as the now completed page for the 2019 one – showing the candidates and their votes in the individual constituency.

Note(s)
i) The Democracy Club community interest company and associated volunteers are to be congratulated for the ‘Herculean’ efforts in creating this comprehensive, publicly accessible and free to use knowledge resource about all elections in the UK, and we do not envy them their task! The Who Can I Vote For? website is a constant work in progress so we’re sure it will change in the future, but as it stands right now, from our ‘knowledge mapping of links’ point of view, we have a few observations…

Elections

There is one ‘All Elections’ page that, as the title suggests, lists all the UK elections covered by the site…
- European Parliament
- London Assembly
- Local Council
- Mayoral
- Police and Crime Commissioner
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Referendum
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru
- UK Parliament
These are listed first by calendar date of occurence (in reverse order), and then alphabetically within that date group. So there is not a single page for a particular Constituency (or any other electoral area covered) that lists the links to all the elections that have happened there, including subsequent by-elections 🙁 .
As can be imagined from the list of type of elections covered above, there is a lot to scroll through to find what you want (there is no search or filtering feature). So you really have to know the date when the election you are interested in happened in order to find it on the page before you can start drilling down. That said all the Scottish Local Council general elections take place on the same day (the first thursday in May), which helps (the same is not true for by-elections obviously).
Elections in individual constituencies are not listed on this page, instead it will say ‘UK Parliament elections or by-election’. Clicking on that link will take you to an ‘index page’ where the individual constituencies in which an election has occured on that date (obviously all of them in a General Election) are listed in alphabetical order, and you then click on that link to get to the actual election page where the candidate listing is.
After the election, the constituency page of all the candidates is updated to list the number of votes for each candidate as well as indicating which one was successfully elected. However there is no other data on the election itself – the total electorate, turnout etc. – which means that this is not an ‘everything you want to know about the election in the constituency all conveniently gathered into the one place’ knowledge resource (in the same way the election listing on Wikipedia only shows the results with no information about the candidates other than their party as the vast majority of them will not have a Wikpedia page that can be linked to).
No unique identifying codes are used for the electoral units anywhere on the site and so units they are only identified by name.

Candidates / Elected representatives

The contents of an individual candidate / elected representative’s page is entirely dependent on what’s been added by local volunteers and so it varies a lot – from ‘no further information on this person’ (including no profile picture), to all their social media accounts.
It also relates to the last election they stood in, which could be in a different political ‘arena’. For example it is not uncommon for local councillors to stand for election as a member of the UK or Scottish Parliaments.A far as an individual’s election history section goes this is entirely dependent on what’s in the database. Thus if they stood for election before 2016, unless it was at the 2010 or 2015 UK General Elections, this section will be blank.

Wikipedia – Election results subsection of UK Parliament constituency Article – As noted in the General Links section above, the Wikipedia article on the constituency has the history of elections and elected members for the constituency.

Note(s)
i) As a crowd-sourced resource the quality, breadth and depth of the content of Wikipedia articles is entirely reliant on volunteers, who are able to source (and link to) reliable information found elsewhere in the public domain. In our experience it may be the case that…

not all election results may be reported for every constituency.
even if there is a long history of results, there may actually have been intervening boundary changes so the constituency is not exactly the same over time, even though it’s called the same name. These are not always picked up by Wikipedia contributors.

General Election Candidate (Incumbent or Previous MP) Knowledge Seed Branch

Branch outlined in red & embedded data cell with 2019 majority figure added if elected

Incumbent UK Parliamentary Scottish Member (MP) Political Knowledge Seed Branch

Fill Colour Image Text Note Embedded Data Fields Index Marker Tags & Goups Attached Hyperlinks

MindManager provides an unparalleled range of ‘information cartography’ functionality that enables contextual knowledge to be embedded and attached to map branches in multiple ways…

Fill Colour: Political Affiliation
The colour of the branch indicates the MP’s political party affiliation, or as an ‘independent’.

Note(s)
i) Assignment of fill colour to elected representative seed branches is controlled by MindManager’s unique Smart Rule feature using the ‘MP – Political Party’ tag.

Image: Official profile picture
MindManager allows a single image to be embedded within a branch, which may be sufficient for the requirements. However with a bit of forethought (and some software ‘jiggery pokery’ ) we can also create one that incorporates more than one visual element so that, like the ‘rich’ branch text, more core knowledge can be ‘packed in’ to a single branch without visually overwhelming the user.

Note(s)
i) All images are optimised to reduce the file size.

Profile Picture – This is much reduced resolution version of the official picture on the MP’s webpage.

Text: Name, Political Party Affiliation and Constituency Represented
Thanks to MindManager’s unique ability to handle ‘rich’ text – the ability to variably format individual chatracters within a single text ‘string’ – we can pack several different pieces of ‘core knowledge’ into the text of a single branch without it visually overwhelming the user.

Name – This is the name as given on their MP’s official webpage. Names are suffixed with the term ‘MP’ at the end so that the reason why they are listed is unequivocal…

Note(s)
i) If the MP’s name is listed as ‘Sandy’ rather than ‘Alexander’, then that’s what their called in this map.

ii) Some MP’s have a range of civic, business and political profiles, potentially at both local & national levels, so it is helpful to know ‘which hat they are wearing’ :-). For example a recently elected MP may still be a serving Local Councillor.

(Party Affiliation) – Designation of party affiliation is as per the branch fill colour.

[SEEKING RE-ELECTION OR NOT?] – If this is present on the MP branch, it indicates the reason why they are now no longer a serving MP despite being elected at the last election. Possible reasons are…

[Incumbent MP – Seeking Re-Election] – MP has died
[Incumbent MP – Not Seeking Re-Election] – MP has resigned

If their not seeking re-election, the seed branch for the incumbent MP will be sub-branch of that for the new candidate from their party, and the branch text will be in italic.

Note(s)
i) The status of seekeing re-election or not is also denoted by a index marker tag (see below).

Constituency – Election – Although this repeats information from ‘higher up’ the map hierarchy, it is helps users keep track of ‘who is who’ when many map branches are expanded and filling the screen.

Note(s)
i) *An asterisk after the name indicates noteworthy MP circumstances…

they are now no longer a MP. The reasons why will also be shown in [SQUARE BRACKETS]
they were elected at a by-election. The ‘old’ UK Parliament website did not indicate this on their MP’s pages.
they have changed their political affiliation since being elected. Usually they will have ‘resigned their party whip’, voluntarily or otherwise, temporarily or permanently, for whatever reason. They may now sit as an ‘independent’, or they may have changed political party completely.

ii) There is also a brief topic note describing the change of circumstances more fully. This is generally taken from the Wikipedia article on the last election.

Note: MP Political Events Log
Additional knowledge can be attached to the branch in the form of a note. This is basically as rich an environment as a word processor page, so ‘rich’ text, tables and images.

MP Political Events Log – If there have been any events that have caused a change in the MP’s political circumstances, then they will be noted here (subject to the caveats in the notes below). So such things as (in increasing potential size of political ‘fall-out’)…

their suspension of by their party or the council itself, preventing them from participating in normal council democratic processes.
a change of allegiance – they may resign from their party and sit as an independent, or even “cross the floor” and join another party.
their resignation / death, triggering a by-election (usually in a few weeks), that may or may not be won by another party!

Note(s)
i) As with mapping Local Councillors, it has proved impossible to find ‘official’ sources of information about changes to the political circumstances in Constituencies and / or MPs in the institution’s (ie. the UK Parliament’s) ‘official’ website, especially the ‘old’ version.

ii) As is so often the case in our knowledge mapping work, the only place where such information is gathered in the one, easily accessible place and freely accessible in the public domain, is Wikipedia. However…

how quickly after the event the information appears on is another matter…
… if at all (and we have no way of knowing it’s missing).

Embedded Data Fields: MP’s Majority for each election to represent the constituency
Single data fields embedded in the seed branch are another unique MindManager feature. They provide quick reference of ‘core’ data that provides context and enables meaningful comparison with other MPs, saving the user the time and effort of looking them up in the linked knowledge resources. These are taken from official sources if easily accessible in the public domain, or Wikipedia if not.

Note(s)
i) The Data Fields can be hidden / shown by clicking the green toggle arrow just above the top right corner.

ii) Data Fields are like single cells in spreadsheets..

The data can be numeric or text.
The values in cells can be calculated from other cells either in the same branch or in other branches. Formulas that define the values are built using MindManager’s ‘Autocalc’ feature (again unique).
The values in data fields may be used to control aspects of the visual formatting (eg. colour or shape) of the seed branch using Mindmanager’s ‘Smart Rules’ feature (again unique).

MP’s Majority for each election to represent the constituency – The figures are taken from the Wikipedia article for the constituency (and perhaps others too – see note below) which contains the list of candidates and results of all general elections, as well as useful background historical knowledge (which makes it the ‘go to’ single source of general election knowledge that we have found).

Note(s)
i) The majorities may not be consecutive as MP’s might lose their seat at one election and be re-elected at the next (if they have the tanacity!).

ii) There may be fewer majorities recorded for the MP than recent election victories for their party (as given in the embedded results table in the Constituency Seed Branch) as previously incumbent MPs have not sought re-election. Some MP’s may also have represented other constituencies in the past.

Note(s)
i) Within MindManager tags…

provide a useful means of internal navigation between map topics (clicking on the branch that is shown as being tagged with that marker in the ‘Index Task Pane’ will immediately focus the map on that banch).
can be generated automatically from branches (the title of the parent branch is the group name and those of all the immediate sub-branches become the individual tags within the group) .
can be copied and pasted in their groups from one map to another.

MP – Gender – This is not recorded on MP’s listings (for obvious reasons), so we have assigned this attribute manually ourselves. Thus any errors are ours, for which we apologise in advance ;-).

MP – Political Party – As per the branch fill and text.

MP – Electoral Status – Given that we are going to record MPs over time in subsequent maps, and there may be a time lag between an MP resigning and their replacement being elected at a by-election, there is an obvious need to keep track of the status of individual mebers. Possible tags….

Elected at YYYY General Election – All General Elections (a tage for each) in which the MP has been elected (note this may not necessarily be for the same constituency)
Elected at last General Election – MP still serving since elected at last UK General Election
Elected at subsequent By-Election – MP elected at a subsequent by-election

MP – Active Status – This tag indicates any change in circumstances since the MP was last elected to the constituency.

Still serving as elected – MP still serving under the same party whip as last elected
No longer under elected party whip – MP no longer serving under the same party whip as last
DECEASED – MP has died
RESIGNED – MP has resigned
REFUSED TO TAKE OFFICE – Candidate was successfully elected, but declined to take up their position

Note(s)
i) For any status that isn’t ‘Still serving as elected’, it will be expanded upon in the topic note.

Attached Hyperlinks: Multiple
See next section for full details.

Incumbent UK Parliamentary Scottish Member (MP) Political Knowledge Seed Branch

Official Parliamentary Knowledge Resources Official Party / MP Controlled Knowledge Resources Externally Controlled Knowledge Resources

original sources get used more often, by more people.
errors get spotted quicker, thereby improving the information quality for everybody.
updates get promulgated sooner to end users.
rather than us having to interpret original sources to create further information resources around “big picture” context for a subject we are not experts in, users of our map can “get it straight from the horses mouth” as it were, so everybody benefits.

greatly reduces the visual clutter of the map.
means a full basket of links to official / definitive / useful knowledge resources about the subject can stay with the seed branch if it is re-used in other maps.

The chain icon at the end of a branch (rather than the favicon (icon) served by the linked-to website) indicates where a branch has more than one hyperlink.

iii) Not all of the resources below will exist for all Local Councils.

The following knowledge resource links are attached to this seed branch (arranged in alphabetical order within the groupings)…

Official Parliamentary Knowledge Resources

An MP is obliged to submit information to the parliamentary authorities, who then publish it in the public domain on the websites as required, so access to these knowledge resources are not under the control of the MP.
There are a range of ‘official’ knowledge resources about members that are published by the United Kingdom Parliament on it’s websites. We use the plural as…

there are a number of sub-sites that have different branding, even though they are sub-domains of parliament.uk.
the UK Parliament is gradually rolling out a new, improved website with better, more inter-connected knowledge resources about MPs and consituencies. At time of writing this is running in parallel with the exisiting website so we include links to both where appropriate.
even though this is an improvement, everything is still not inter-connected (that we can see), so users still have to hunt for particular knowledge resources about MPs in different sections of the website (e.g. expenses, or register of financial interests).

UK Parliament MP Profile – The UK Parliament is gradually rolling out a new, improved website with better, more inter-connected knowledge resources about MPs and constituencies. At time of writing this is running in parallel with the exisiting website so we include links to both where appropriate.
The page on the existing website has no ‘self-penned’ biography information about the MP as a person, just a factual list of electoral history and committee memberships, with no interlinking to other knowledge resources.

Note(s)
i) Once a General Election is declared, the UK Parliment disables the links to the incumbent MP’s profile pages on the website so this resource will not be availables during the campaign.

UK Parliament MP Profile [NEW WEBSITE] -The UK Parliament is gradually rolling out a new, improved website with better, more inter-connected knowledge resources about MPs and constituencies. At time of writing this is running in parallel with the exisiting website so we include links to both where appropriate.
The page on the ‘new’ website still has no ‘self-penned’ biography information about the MP as a person, but has more factual information about the MPs parliamentary activities, with interlinking to the relevant knowledge resources about those activities.
Tabbed’ subsections are…

Parliamentary career
Voting record
Early Day Motions
Last election result

Email MP @parliament.uk – This is the official e-mail address of the MP at the UK Parliament. Other contact details, are given on the MPs official parliamentary profile page.

UK Parliament Hansard – Hansard is a “substantially verbatim” report of what is said in Parliament that, previously was made available in print and is now available online. Members’ words are recorded, and then edited to remove repetitions and obvious mistakes, albeit without taking away from the meaning of what is said. Hansard also reports decisions taken during a sitting and records how Members voted to reach those decisions in Divisions.

House of Commons – The Register of Members’ Financial Interests – This is one of several registers in the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards section of the current parliament website. A new register of members’ financial interests is published each year as both PDF and HTML, with the ‘current’ register updated at regular intervals through the year.

Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA) Expenses Tracker – This site allows users to interactively view individual MPs expenses since 2010, filtering by year and expense type.

Official Party / MP Controlled Knowledge Resources

This collection of knowledge resources is directly controlled by the MP, or their political party, and consists of websites and social media accounts. As is the case with the ‘real world’, some MPs have a bigger / more active ‘online presence’ than others…

Official Party MP Profile – Most political parties provide a profile page of their MP’s on their main website. They are usually fairly minimal in content. They may have some personal biography information, but at the very least will have contact details for the MP and their local party association. Sometimes this is the only ‘official’ website an MP has.

MP’s Official Website – This is the MP’s own wesbite and so is presumably under their control. That said some are better than others (or even absent completely), and are more personalised than ‘corporate template’. They usually provide details of how to get in touch with the MP and local surgeries for constituents.

Facebook – MP’s Facebook page if they have one. Many, but by no means all, do.

Twitter – MP’s Twitter feed if they have one. Many, but by no means all, do, or still have (it’s not as if politicians could get vilified for something that they had ‘tweeted’ in the past or anything like that…).

Externally Controlled Knowledge Resources

This collection of knowledge resources is published by external, and therefore ‘unofficial’, parties. With the sophisticated level of web technology available now, some combine and repackage knowledge from official parliamentary sources on the one ‘page’ as a service to consitiuents so they can get the full picture of what their MP is actually doing in parlaiment. And then there’s good old Wikipedia, which is amazingly ‘current’ on UK politics.

The Public Whip Voting Record – A not for profit, open source project that ‘scrapes’ the flat text of the parliament Hansard (daily transcription of what is said) and turns it into a useful online database of meaningful knowledge about how individual MPs have voted on specific ‘divisions’.

TheyWorkForYou – Another not for profit project run by mySociety, that ‘scrapes’ a variety of online sources of MPs activities in parliament and turns them into a useful online knowlegde base of not just how individual MPs have voted on specific issues, but also some analysis and sharing tools.

Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club – This is a ‘newly discovered by us’ website that not only lists all UK local and national elections and by-elections since 2016 (as well as the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections), but also has crowd-sourced details about all the candidates standing in each and every constituency or ward (eg. links to their official websites and social media as well as previous elections they may have stood in that they have details of). This particular link is to a page for the MP as an individual candidate / elected representative, with links to their own websites & social media (if known), and their electoral history as a candidate in all UK elections going back to 2016, plus the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections (again if known).

Elections

There is one ‘All Elections’ page that, as the title suggests, lists all the UK elections covered by the site…
- European Parliament
- London Assembly
- Local Council
- Mayoral
- Police and Crime Commissioner
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Referendum
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru
- UK Parliament
These are listed first by calendar date of occurence (in reverse order), and then alphabetically within that date group. So there is not a single page for a particular Constituency (or any other electoral area covered) that lists the links to all the elections that have happened there, including subsequent by-elections 🙁 .
As can be imagined from the list of type of elections covered above, there is a lot to scroll through to find what you want (there is no search or filtering feature). So you really have to know the date when the election you are interested in happened in order to find it on the page before you can start drilling down. That said all the Scottish Local Council general elections take place on the same day (the first thursday in May), which helps (the same is not true for by-elections obviously).
Elections in individual constituencies are not listed on this page, instead it will say ‘Scottish Parliament elections or by-election’. Clicking on that link will take you to an ‘index page’ where the individual constituencies in which an election has occured on that date (obviously all of them in a General Election) are listed in alphabetical order, and you then click on that link to get to the actual election page where the candidate listing is.
After the election, the constituency page of all the candidates is updated to list the number of votes for each candidate as well as indicating which one was successfully elected. However there is no other data on the election itself – the total electorate, turnout etc. – which means that this is not an ‘everything you want to know about the election in the constituency all conveniently gathered into the one place’ knowledge resource (in the same way the election listing on Wikipedia only shows the results with no information about the candidates other than their party as the vast majority of them will not have a Wikpedia page that can be linked to).
No unique identifying codes are used for the electoral units anywhere on the site and so units they are only identified by name.

Candidates / Elected representatives

The contents of an individual candidate / elected representative’s page is entirely dependent on what’s been added by local volunteers and so it varies a lot – from ‘no further information on this person’ (including no profile picture), to all their social media accounts.
It also relates to the last election they stood in, which could be in a different political ‘arena’. For example it is not uncommon for local councillors to stand for election as a member of the UK or Scottish Parliaments.
A far as an individual’s election history section goes this is entirely dependent on what’s in the database. Thus if they stood for election before 2016, unless it was at the 2010 or 2015 UK General Elections, this section will be blank.

Wikipedia – Article on MP (if available) – There is a Wikipedia article on just about all MP’s, though the amount and quality of the content does vary. Usually it contains a bit more personal biographical information than is available from ‘official’ sources.

Note(s)
i) As with all Wikipedia links…

If you know something that’s not there, get involved and add your contribution to the article so everybody can benefit from your knowledge.
The external Links’ section at the bottom of the articles provides a great ‘jumping off point’ to discover new knowledge resources.

WriteToThem – Another not for profit project run by mySociety, this time providing a quick way of emailing your local elected representatives, including MPs.

General Election Candidate (Other) Knowledge Seed Branch

Branch outlined in red & embedded data cell with 2019 majority figure added if elected

Non Sitting MP Candidate Political Knowledge Seed Branch

Fill Colour Image Text Index Marker Tags & Goups Attached Hyperlinks

MindManager provides an unparalleled range of ‘information cartography’ functionality that enables contextual knowledge to be embedded and attached to map branches in multiple ways…

Fill Colour: Political Affiliation
The colour of the branch indicates the Candidate’s political party affiliation, or as an ‘independent’.

Note(s)
i) Assignment of fill colour to aspiring elected representative seed branches is controlled by MindManager’s unique Smart Rule feature using the ‘CANDIDATE – Political Party’ tag.

Note(s)
i) All images are optimised to reduce the file size.

Profile Picture – This is much reduced resolution version of the official ‘campaign picture’ of the candidate if we have managed to find one in the public domain.

Note(s)
i) Surprisingly in this day and age, not every candidate has an official picture for their campaign, especially if they are not from one of the ‘main parties’. If they aren’t even on social media (again surprisingly common) we can’t even source an unofficial picture either, so some candidtes will have no picture at all.

Text: Name, Political Party Affiliation and Constituency Standing In
Thanks to MindManager’s unique ability to handle ‘rich’ text – the ability to variably format individual chatracters within a single text ‘string’ – we can pack several different pieces of ‘core knowledge’ into the text of a single branch without it visually overwhelming the user.

Name – This is the candidate’s name as given on the constituency election page on the Who Can I Vote For? website, cross-referenced with the constituency’s Wikipedia page, which will have a new sub-section on the forthcoming election with a results table which will be blank apart from the names & parties of the candidates.

(Party Affiliation) – Designation of party affiliation is as per the branch fill colour.

Note(s)
i) Within MindManager tags…

provide a useful means of internal navigation between map topics (clicking on the branch that is shown as being tagged with that marker in the ‘Index Task Pane’ will immediately focus the map on that banch).
can be generated automatically from branches (the title of the parent branch is the group name and those of all the immediate sub-branches become the individual tags within the group) .
can be copied and pasted in their groups from one map to another.

CANDIDATE – Active Status – This tag has proved necessary as, even though the election campaign is not long underway, already candidates have been ‘disowned’ by their parties, but as the deadline for nominating candidates has now passed they cannot be replaced! Possible tags…

Still Endorsed by Party
No Longer Endorsed by Party

CANDIDATE – Electoral History – The big caveat here is ‘where known’, although the situation is improving (see note below). Possible tags….

Elected at YYYY General Election – All General Elections (a tag for each) in which the Candidate has been elected (as far as we have been able to find out).

Note(s)
i) As noted already the starting point for the creation of this map is our UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies & Members – Political Knowledge Atlas (5 Nov 2019). In that we did incorporate some electoral history of the incumbent MP’s (that which we could most easily find), and so decided to try and do it for all the 292 candidates in this election. Fortunately by now…

we have become more familiar with our public domain knowledge sources.
Some of these resources have themselves ‘stepped up a gear’ in their efforts to compile useful information about already – and previously – elected, and ‘want to be’, politicians at local as well as national level.

ii) The main source for this personal history information is Wikipedia, by looking at the lists of candidates in the results tables for previous elections in the constituency. Who Can I Vote For? does have a ‘Previous Electoral History’ section on the candidates page, but it is usually blank for those that haven’t already been elected since 2016. However I’m sure gaps will be filled in as this crowd-sourced online project develops over the coming months and years.

iii) Given that many MP’s were previously Local Councillors, we’re sure that even those candidates that do have some Westminster electoral history recorded in our sources may not all have this aspect covered. However as noted in our Scottish Local Councils, Electoral Wards & Local Councillors – Political Knowledge Atlas (9 Oct 2019), which is the first and only digital compilation of political knowledge resources about Scotland’s 1,227 Local Councillors, it is very difficult and time consuming to find out individual political history at a local level.

CANDIDATE – Electoral Status – This is basically a duplicate of the ‘MP – Electoral Status’ tag, and so is only present for current (or elected since 2015) MPs. However as per the previous tag group, we hope to be able to expand this one in the future as more electoral history is made available in the public domain. Possible tags….

Incumbent MP Seeking Re-Election.
Previous MP Seeking Re-Election

CANDIDATE – Gender – This is not recorded on any candidate listings (for obvious reasons), so we have assigned this attribute manually ourselves. Thus any errors are ours, for which we apologise in advance ;-).

CANDIDATE – Political Party – As per the branch fill and text.

Attached Hyperlinks: Multiple
See next section for full details.

Non Sitting MP Candidate Political Knowledge Seed Branch

original sources get used more often, by more people.
errors get spotted quicker, thereby improving the information quality for everybody.
updates get promulgated sooner to end users.
rather than us having to interpret original sources to create further information resources around “big picture” context for a subject we are not experts in, users of our map can “get it straight from the horses mouth” as it were, so everybody benefits.

greatly reduces the visual clutter of the map.
means a full basket of links to official / definitive / useful knowledge resources about the subject can stay with the seed branch if it is re-used in other maps.

The chain icon at the end of a branch (rather than the favicon (icon) served by the linked-to website) indicates where a branch has more than one hyperlink.

iii) Not all of the resources below will exist for all Local Councils.

The following knowledge resource links are attached to this seed branch (due to the limited time window for gathering links on candidates – most of whom will not be elected – there are not enough of them to merit further sub-division into groups)…

Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club – This is a ‘newly discovered by us’ website that not only lists all UK local and national elections and by-elections since 2016 (as well as the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections), but also has crowd-sourced details about all the candidates standing in each and every constituency or ward (eg. links to their official websites and social media as well as previous elections they may have stood in that they have details of). This particular link is to a page for the individual candidate as an election candidate in all UK elections going back to 2016 (plus the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections).

Elections

There is one ‘All Elections’ page that, as the title suggests, lists all the UK elections covered by the site…
- European Parliament
- London Assembly
- Local Council
- Mayoral
- Police and Crime Commissioner
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Referendum
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru
- UK Parliament
These are listed first by calendar date of occurence (in reverse order), and then alphabetically within that date group. So there is not a single page for a particular Constituency (or any other electoral area covered) that lists the links to all the elections that have happened there, including subsequent by-elections 🙁 .
As can be imagined from the list of type of elections covered above, there is a lot to scroll through to find what you want (there is no search or filtering feature). So you really have to know the date when the election you are interested in happened in order to find it on the page before you can start drilling down. That said all the Scottish Local Council general elections take place on the same day (the first thursday in May), which helps (the same is not true for by-elections obviously).
Elections in individual constituencies are not listed on this page, instead it will say ‘UK Parliament elections or by-election’. Clicking on that link will take you to an ‘index page’ where the individual constituencies in which an election has occured on that date (obviously all of them in a General Election) are listed in alphabetical order, and you then click on that link to get to the actual election page where the candidate listing is.
After the election, the constituency page of all the candidates is updated to list the number of votes for each candidate as well as indicating which one was successfully elected. However there is no other data on the election itself – the total electorate, turnout etc. – which means that this is not an ‘everything you want to know about the election in the constituency all conveniently gathered into the one place’ knowledge resource (in the same way the election listing on Wikipedia only shows the results with no information about the candidates other than their party as the vast majority of them will not have a Wikpedia page that can be linked to).
No unique identifying codes are used for the electoral units anywhere on the site and so units they are only identified by name.

Candidates / Elected representatives

The contents of an individual candidate / elected representative’s page is entirely dependent on what’s been added by local volunteers and so it varies a lot – from ‘no further information on this person’ (including no profile picture), to all their social media accounts.
It also relates to the last election they stood in, which could be in a different political ‘arena’. For example it is not uncommon for local councillors to stand for election as a member of the UK or Scottish Parliaments.A far as an individual’s election history section goes this is entirely dependent on what’s in the database. Thus if they stood for election before 2016, unless it was at the 2010 or 2015 UK General Elections, this section will be blank.

Hyperlinks to official / definitive / ‘plain old useful’ knowledge resources found in the public domain is one of the main focus of our knowledge maps. Links are added to our maps in 2 ways…

Multiple Hyperlinks Attached To Seed Branches – MindManager has the unique ability to attach multiple hyperlinks to a single map branch. This means that…

maps need fewer branches so are less visually cluttered.
a single branch can become a mini knowledge portal in it’s own right (one of the reasons why we call them ‘knowledge seed branches’).
links to core knowledge resources (usually the most important links taken from the Link Collections) can remain with the branch when it’s re-used in other maps, whether or not it’s the kep focus of that map.

The multiple hyperlinks attached to the different types of knowledge seed branches in this map are already detailed in the ‘Seed Branches’ tab.

Knowledge Link Sub-Branch Collections – Sub-branches – each with a single attached hyperlink to an external knowledge resource – are grouped into related collections, such as ‘General Knowledge Resources’ or ‘Geographic Knowledge Resources’. This makes for easier, more ‘thumb friendly’ browsing & discovery of knowledge resources, which helps in more intensive activities like prolonged desktop research.

The knowledge link sub-branch collections in this map are detailed below…

General Election CANDIDATES Knowledge Resources

General Election CANDIDATES Knowledge Resources

When a general election is called by the UK Parliament there is a strict timetable of events that must be followed. Of particular relevance to this map is the fact that candidate nominations close at 4pm 19 working days before the poll. This means that…

there is not much time for candidates to produce campaigning material ie. knowledge resources that we can link to in a map.
unless you are successfully elected, it will only be relevant for the brief period of the campaign.

Thus there is a limit to new knowledge resources we can incorporate into this map within the necessary timescales, especially for candidaes that are not incumbent or previous MPs .

Note(s)
i) Once nominations have close, candidate details cannot be changed and they will be published ‘as is’ on the ballot paper. Thus if parties withdraw their support for a candidate before the poll takes place (as is already the case for several in this election), there name will still appear on the ballot paper next to their party.

General Election CANDIDATES Knowledge Resources

Incumbent MPs
For incumbent MPs seeking re-election, most of the official parliament-produced knowledge resources about them remain accessible online and so you – the voter – can use them to come to your own opinion as to how well they have served you over their term.

Note(s)
i) Their own / party resources may be re-branded as ‘candidate’ as technically they are no longer an MP during the weeks of a General Election campaign.

ii) If they are not seeking re-election, then the resources about them can still be used as part of ‘the mix’ when assessing their party and the successor candidate they have nominated.

Previous MP’s
It can be the case that one of the other candidates standing from another party was previously the MP for the consituency and they are seeking to regain their ‘seat’ at this election. They can be indentified by their election majority(ies) embedded in the topic, and the presence of the sub-branch collection of links to the public domain knowledge resources about their time as the MP (though not all of them may still be accessible).

Note(s)
i) Very occasionally a candidate may previously have been an MP for a different constituency than the one they are contesting at this election. In these cases their winning majorities will not be embedded in their seed topic, but there will be still be knowledge resource links to their time as an MP.

Thus all the knowledge link collections identified in our UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies & Members – Political Knowledge Atlas (5 Nov 2019) should still be accessible for Incumbent and Previous MPs seeking re-election…

Official Parliamentary Knowledge Resources
An MP is obliged to submit information to the parliamentary authorities, who then publish it in the public domain on the websites as required, so access to these knowledge resources are not under the control of the MP.
There are a range of ‘official’ knowledge resources about members that are published by the United Kingdom Parliament on it’s websites. We use the plural as…

there are a number of sub-sites that have different branding, even though they are sub-domains of parliament.uk.
the UK Parliament is gradually rolling out a new, improved website with better, more inter-connected knowledge resources about MPs and consituencies. At time of writing this is running in parallel with the exisiting website so we include links to both where appropriate.
even though this is an improvement, everything is still not inter-connected (that we can see), so users still have to hunt for particular knowledge resources about MPs in different sections of the website (e.g. expenses, or register of financial interests).

Parliamentary career
Voting record
Early Day Motions
Last election result

Email MP @parliament.uk – This is the official e-mail address of the MP at the UK Parliament. Other contact details, are given on the MPs official parliamentary profile page.

Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA) Expenses Tracker – This site allows users to interactively view individual MPs expenses since 2010, filtering by year and expense type.

Official Party / MP Controlled Knowledge Resources
This collection of knowledge resources is directly controlled by the MP, or their political party, and consists of websites and social media accounts. As is the case with the ‘real world’, some MPs have a bigger / more active ‘online presence’ than others…

Facebook – MP’s Facebook page if they have one. Many, but by no means all, do.

Externally Controlled Knowledge Resources
This collection of knowledge resources is published by external, and therefore ‘unofficial’, parties. With the sophisticated level of web technology available now, some combine and repackage knowledge from official parliamentary sources on the one ‘page’ as a service to consitiuents so they can get the full picture of what their MP is actually doing in parlaiment. And then there’s good old Wikipedia, which is amazingly ‘current’ on UK politics.

Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club – This is a ‘newly discovered by us’ website that not only lists all UK local and national elections and by-elections since 2016 (as well as the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections), but also has crowd-sourced details about all the candidates standing in each and every constituency or ward (eg. links to their official websites and social media as well as previous elections they may have stood in that they have details of). This particular link is to a page for the individual candidate as an election candidate in all UK elections going back to 2016 (plus the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections)..

Elections

There is one ‘All Elections’ page that, as the title suggests, lists all the UK elections covered by the site…
- European Parliament
- London Assembly
- Local Council
- Mayoral
- Police and Crime Commissioner
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Referendum
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru
- UK Parliament
These are listed first by calendar date of occurence (in reverse order), and then alphabetically within that date group. So there is not a single page for a particular Constituency (or any other electoral area covered) that lists the links to all the elections that have happened there, including subsequent by-elections 🙁 .
As can be imagined from the list of type of elections covered above, there is a lot to scroll through to find what you want (there is no search or filtering feature). So you really have to know the date when the election you are interested in happened in order to find it on the page before you can start drilling down. That said all the Scottish Local Council general elections take place on the same day (the first thursday in May), which helps (the same is not true for by-elections obviously).
Elections in individual constituencies are not listed on this page, instead it will say ‘UK Parliament elections or by-election’. Clicking on that link will take you to an ‘index page’ where the individual constituencies in which an election has occured on that date (obviously all of them in a General Election) are listed in alphabetical order, and you then click on that link to get to the actual election page where the candidate listing is.
After the election, the constituency page of all the candidates is updated to list the number of votes for each candidate as well as indicating which one was successfully elected. However there is no other data on the election itself – the total electorate, turnout etc. – which means that this is not an ‘everything you want to know about the election in the constituency all conveniently gathered into the one place’ knowledge resource (in the same way the election listing on Wikipedia only shows the results with no information about the candidates other than their party as the vast majority of them will not have a Wikpedia page that can be linked to).
No unique identifying codes are used for the electoral units anywhere on the site and so units they are only identified by name.

Candidates / Elected representatives

The contents of an individual candidate / elected representative’s page is entirely dependent on what’s been added by local volunteers and so it varies a lot – from ‘no further information on this person’ (including no profile picture), to all their social media accounts.
It also relates to the last election they stood in, which could be in a different political ‘arena’. For example it is not uncommon for local councillors to stand for election as a member of the UK or Scottish Parliaments.A far as an individual’s election history section goes this is entirely dependent on what’s in the database. Thus if they stood for election before 2016, unless it was at the 2010 or 2015 UK General Elections, this section will be blank.

Note(s)
i) As with all Wikipedia links…

If you know something that’s not there, get involved and add your contribution to the article so everybody can benefit from your knowledge.
The external Links’ section at the bottom of the articles provides a great ‘jumping off point’ to discover new knowledge resources.

WriteToThem – Another not for profit project run by mySociety, this time providing a quick way of emailing your local elected representatives, including MPs.

General Election CANDIDATES Knowledge Resources

Other Candidates
One of our guiding philosophies is to avoid re-inventing the wheel whenever possible, and to close virtuous data circles. So all other candidates only have a single link to their entry on the Who Can I Vote For? project website. This is a crowd-sourced platform created and supported by Democracy Club (a not-for profit pro democracy charity), which attampts to bring together all that’s known about all the candidates standing for election in the constituency, with links to all the knowledge resources known about them (i.e. all the things that are linked to for MP’s like party profile pages and social media), and a candidate statement.

One of the most useful features is the links to their previous electoral history, as many candidates will have stood in the general election before (usually for the same constituency). It is also often the case that they stood in local council elections, and indeed may even be currently serving local councillors.

However as you will see there is a considerable variation in quantity & quality of what is known about an individual candidate. For many it is nothing but a twitter account, and for some it is literally nothing – no page on their party website (or a page with no content), no social media presence, no e-mail address, not even a photo….. (so good luck coming to a ‘considered decision’ as to who give your vote for!).

Note(s)
i) As with all crowd-sourced online resources, if you know something that they don’t (you may even be a candaidate or part of their campaign team), then please add your knowledge contribution for the benefit of all (the instructions are all on the page).

Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club – This is a ‘newly discovered by us’ website that not only lists all UK local and national elections and by-elections since 2016 (as well as the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections), but also has crowd-sourced details about all the candidates standing in each and every constituency or ward (eg. links to their official websites and social media as well as previous elections they may have stood in that they have details of). This particular link is to a page for the individual candidate as an election candidate in all UK elections going back to 2016 (plus the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections).

Elections

There is one ‘All Elections’ page that, as the title suggests, lists all the UK elections covered by the site…
- European Parliament
- London Assembly
- Local Council
- Mayoral
- Police and Crime Commissioner
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Referendum
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru
- UK Parliament
These are listed first by calendar date of occurence (in reverse order), and then alphabetically within that date group. So there is not a single page for a particular Constituency (or any other electoral area covered) that lists the links to all the elections that have happened there, including subsequent by-elections 🙁 .
As can be imagined from the list of type of elections covered above, there is a lot to scroll through to find what you want (there is no search or filtering feature). So you really have to know the date when the election you are interested in happened in order to find it on the page before you can start drilling down. That said all the Scottish Local Council general elections take place on the same day (the first thursday in May), which helps (the same is not true for by-elections obviously).
Elections in individual constituencies are not listed on this page, instead it will say ‘UK Parliament elections or by-election’. Clicking on that link will take you to an ‘index page’ where the individual constituencies in which an election has occured on that date (obviously all of them in a General Election) are listed in alphabetical order, and you then click on that link to get to the actual election page where the candidate listing is.
After the election, the constituency page of all the candidates is updated to list the number of votes for each candidate as well as indicating which one was successfully elected. However there is no other data on the election itself – the total electorate, turnout etc. – which means that this is not an ‘everything you want to know about the election in the constituency all conveniently gathered into the one place’ knowledge resource (in the same way the election listing on Wikipedia only shows the results with no information about the candidates other than their party as the vast majority of them will not have a Wikpedia page that can be linked to).
No unique identifying codes are used for the electoral units anywhere on the site and so units they are only identified by name.

Candidates / Elected representatives

The contents of an individual candidate / elected representative’s page is entirely dependent on what’s been added by local volunteers and so it varies a lot – from ‘no further information on this person’ (including no profile picture), to all their social media accounts.
It also relates to the last election they stood in, which could be in a different political ‘arena’. For example it is not uncommon for local councillors to stand for election as a member of the UK or Scottish Parliaments.A far as an individual’s election history section goes this is entirely dependent on what’s in the database. Thus if they stood for election before 2016, unless it was at the 2010 or 2015 UK General Elections, this section will be blank.

General Election RESULTS Knowledge Resources

General Election RESULTS Knowledge Resources

With election results it’s all about the time lag between when they are publicly declared by the Returning Officer in individual constituencies after ‘the count’, and they are gathered, compiled and published online as a national picture in the public domain by our source knowledge sites.

However on it’s old website, the UK Parliament itself does not publish the results in ‘real time’. All those individual constituency results first have to be ‘verified’ by the House of Commons Library, which can take several weeks, and when the results are finally published, it’s as a downloadable PDF format! The new UK Parliamant website has a dedicated election results section that will hopefully be a long term archive, however how long it takes for the upcoming election results to appear there remains to be seen.
This means that the main sources we have to rely on for the publication of election results ‘as soon as possible’, so we can publish a ‘results’ version of this map ‘as soon as possible’, are ‘external’ (to use the language of the resource link collections about individual MPs).

BBC News Election Results – Constituency – This page currently shows the results of the ‘last couple’ of general elections and will be updated soon after the results are declared for the constituency.

Note(s)
i) In our experience the BBC News Election website is the quickest to publish the results of the election, often within a few minutes of them being declared for a constituency on the ‘live’ election broadcast (also by the BBC!).

ii) There’s not much additional consistuency profile information o this page, apart from a rudimentary map.

iii) There are separate ‘sub-sites’ for the General Elections in 2017 and 2015 linked to from within the page. The sites for the 2010 and 2005 elections are still online and ‘findable’ with a Google search, but they are ‘no longer supported’. In other words the BBC news site is not a long term archive of election resultsI

UK Parliament Elections Online 2017 – Constituency – The UK Parliament website is gradually rolling out a new website with improved information about MPs and consituencies. The new Elections Online section has overall & individual constituency results for UK General Elections since 2010 as tables, maps and charts. National and regional seat summaries for the selected constituency are shown in the table below the pie chart, click/tap the buttons to move between country, region and county.

Who Can I Vote For? by Democracy Club – Constituency Elections – This is a ‘newly discovered by us’ website that not only lists all UK local and national elections and by-elections since 2016 (as well as the 2015 & 2010 UK General Elections), but also has crowd-sourced details about all the candidates standing in each and every constituency or ward (eg. links to their official websites and social media as well as previous elections they may have stood in that they have details of). For UK Parliament constituencies there are links to the separate pages – one each for the 2010, 2015 and 2017 General Elections as well as a proto page for the impending 2019 one – showing the candidates and their votes in the individual constituency.

Elections

There is one ‘All Elections’ page that, as the title suggests, lists all the UK elections covered by the site…
- European Parliament
- London Assembly
- Local Council
- Mayoral
- Police and Crime Commissioner
- Northern Ireland Assembly
- Referendum
- Scottish Parliament
- Senedd Cymru
- UK Parliament
These are listed first by calendar date of occurence (in reverse order), and then alphabetically within that date group. So there is not a single page for a particular Constituency (or any other electoral area covered) that lists the links to all the elections that have happened there, including subsequent by-elections 🙁 .
As can be imagined from the list of type of elections covered above, there is a lot to scroll through to find what you want (there is no search or filtering feature). So you really have to know the date when the election you are interested in happened in order to find it on the page before you can start drilling down. That said all the Scottish Local Council general elections take place on the same day (the first thursday in May), which helps (the same is not true for by-elections obviously).
Elections in individual constituencies are not listed on this page, instead it will say ‘UK Parliament elections or by-election’. Clicking on that link will take you to an ‘index page’ where the individual constituencies in which an election has occured on that date (obviously all of them in a General Election) are listed in alphabetical order, and you then click on that link to get to the actual election page where the candidate listing is.
After the election, the constituency page of all the candidates is updated to list the number of votes for each candidate as well as indicating which one was successfully elected. However there is no other data on the election itself – the total electorate, turnout etc. – which means that this is not an ‘everything you want to know about the election in the constituency all conveniently gathered into the one place’ knowledge resource (in the same way the election listing on Wikipedia only shows the results with no information about the candidates other than their party as the vast majority of them will not have a Wikpedia page that can be linked to).
No unique identifying codes are used for the electoral units anywhere on the site and so units they are only identified by name.

Candidates / Elected representatives

The contents of an individual candidate / elected representative’s page is entirely dependent on what’s been added by local volunteers and so it varies a lot – from ‘no further information on this person’ (including no profile picture), to all their social media accounts.
It also relates to the last election they stood in, which could be in a different political ‘arena’. For example it is not uncommon for local councillors to stand for election as a member of the UK or Scottish Parliaments.A far as an individual’s election history section goes this is entirely dependent on what’s in the database. Thus if they stood for election before 2016, unless it was at the 2010 or 2015 UK General Elections, this section will be blank.

Wikipedia – Election results subsection of UK Parliament constituency Article – There is already a new sub-section on the forthcoming election with a results table which is blank apart from the names & parties of the candidates and just waiting to be filled in.

Note(s)
i) How long it takes for the new results to be added to the page after thay have been publicaly declared will be entirely dependant on Wikipedia voluntary contributors. We have a feeling it may take ‘hours’ if not ‘days’ rather than the ‘minutes’ of the hugely resources state broadcaster, but we’ll see.

We are continually striving to…

find further, freely accessible in the public domain, definitive / official / plain old useful 🙂 knowledge resources about the ‘national local’ building blocks of Scotland to link to.
incorporate more contextual knowledge where possible.
and just generally push knowledge mapping to the limits :-).

All whilst keeping the existing map content up to date and not visually overwhelming the end users 🙂

The changelog(s) below summarise the actions undertaken to initially create – and subsequently update & improve – this knowledge map…

Note(s)
i) Version numbering – Our maps are principally referenced by their date of publication, however we also assign them a version number so we can internally keep track of them through the development process as publication dates are only decided during the final stages of the map creation / update process. Version 1.0 is obviously the first – and indeed may be the only – version of that map we have ever published. What version number comes next will depend on the subject matter….

Maps involving electoral and political processes – Version numbers will be tied to the real world electoral cycle of the institution, which is usually regular, or at least has a maximum duration (eg. general elections to the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Local Councils are every 5 years, whilst to the UK Parliament it is every 5 years at most). By-elections – caused by the resignation / death of an elected member – are unpredicatable by their very nature. Thus the version number will be increased by 1 for the map published after general elections (eg. from 1.0 to 2.0), whilst updates due to by-elections by a decimal increment (eg. from 1.0 to 1.1). In either case the new version may also include other changes to the content, such as the incorporation of links to more knowledge resources and/or embedded/attached contextual knowledge elements.

ii) Update frequency – Maps by their very nature – a visually structured knowledge record of the ‘real world’ created through ‘field’ survey and data collection – are tied to a publication date, which users need to take cognisance of as the real world inevitably changes over time. How often we update and re-publish a map will depend on the frequency of those real world changes, and our own resources (with the best will in the world we will always be playing catch-up)…

Maps involving electoral and political processes – As already mentioned the frequency of General Elections are mostly preset, and so we will endeavour to update a map as soon as practicable after them (though it may take a while for the knowledge resources to catch up with events, especially for newly elected members). The frequency of by-elections however varies greatly, there is a lot more ‘natural churn’ of the 1,127 Scottish Local Councillors compared to just 59 UK Parliament Scottish MPs (the last UK by-election in Scotland was Inverclyde in 2011). Thus electoral maps involving Local Councillors will be need to be updated and re-published more frequently.

UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas RESULTS (13 Dec 2019)

Version – 1.0

Map Branches – 3,877

Links to knowledge resources – 5,056

File Sizes – HTML5 (.html): 30.8 MB; MindManager (.mmap): 21.5 MB

Basemap(s) Framework – The following existing knowledge map(s) was(were) the starting point for the creation of this map…

UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas CANDIDATES (21 Nov 2019)

Actions – The main work done in making this version of the map was…

Prepare basemap
This is a straightforward adaptation of the UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas CANDIDATES (21 Nov 2019) basemap by filling in / assigning the already ‘built-in’ content to the existing seed branches now that all the actual results are known (ie. no special preparation is required).

Add the election results & consequences to the Constituency seed branch
Looking at the constituency results on the BBC News Election website (see notes below), do the following to the seed branch of each constituency…

Populate results table – Fill in the ‘2019’ column of the embedded recent elections results table with the number of votes for each party, the size of the majority for the winning party, the total number of votes cast and the election turnout.
Update marker tags – Update the ‘UK PARL CONS – Current Political Party’ index marker if required.

Add the election result consequences to the Successful Candidate seed branches
Looking at the newly filled in election results table in the Constituency seed branch, do the following to the seed branch of the successfully elected candidate in the attached sub-branch collection of candidates…

add a red boundary line & associated ‘Elected’ label.
add an embedded data field of their 2019 majority.
update their attached ‘CANDIDATE – Electoral Status’ marker tag to ‘Successfully Elected’.
attach / update the various ‘MP’ marker tags depending on whether or not the candidate is a returning MP.

Update ‘Map Legend’ metabranch
Amend to include a description of successfully elected candidates as required.

Note(s)
i) Map updates – As a General Election is a ‘one off’, time limited event, it is unlikely that this map will be updated in the future. It may form the basemap for the next General Election, however that will depend on how our UK Parliament maps (and our process for mapping Political Knowledge in general) evolves between now and then (another 5 years?).

ii) Election results sources – On this, the morning of the day after the election, here is the ‘state of play’ of the various election results knowledge resources we have identified…

Wikipedia – for most of the constituency main article pages the results tables for the 2019 General Election have not yet been filled in.
UK Parliament’s Election Results Online site – still stuck on 2017!!
BBC News election site – the results were updated within minutes of being declared for each constituency (we were watching live through the wee small hours!).

Thus at this time the BBC News election site is the only source of results for every constituency we could find.

New to our knowledge maps? Find out all about them below.

Created using our unique mix of professional information hunting & cartography skills and MindManager, the world leading information mapping software, our ground-breaking knowledge maps are an interactive, visualy structured, ‘discover within the bigger picture context’ index of…

what ‘building blocks’ make up a given ‘knowledge space’.
what knowledge resources about them exist in the public domain.
the links to where those resources are online (ie. their URL), so map users can access them ‘there and then’ with a click of their mouse.

what ‘building blocks’ make up a given ‘knowledge space’.
what knowledge resources about them exist in the public domain.
the links to where those resources are online (ie. their URL), so map users can access them ‘there and then’ with a click of their mouse.

Anatomy of a knowledge map

Our knowledge maps are built from 2 different sorts of components that together, we hope you agree, make something that is much greater than the sum of it’s individual parts…

Hierarchical framework of interconnected branches

The framework of the knowledge map is made up of interconnected branches – of varying colours, shapes, and sizes, which are arranged in a visually connected hierarchy around a central topic. There are different ‘types’ of branches within our knowledge maps (though the types are not all mutually exclusive).

Embedded / attached knowledge elements

Each branch in the map has a mix of elements – often unque to MindManger – embedded within, or attached to, it and/or has some other physical attribute, that conveys core knowledge, or link to primary knowledge resources, about the ‘real world building block’ the branch represents.

Find out more below…

The framework of the knowledge map is made up of interconnected branches (of varying colours, shapes and sizes), which are arranged in a visually connected hierarchy around a central topic. There are different ‘types’ of branches within our knowledge maps (though the types are not all mutually exclusive)…

Central topic
Contains the map title, publishing details and a central image.

Main framework branches
The next one or two levels of branches define the layout of the map, in 2 different ways…

Physical layout – how the branches are physically arranged around the central topic. The classic mindmap structure is branches radiating in all directions from a central topic, however MindManager has many more options. As our knowledge maps are reference maps – i.e. the user ‘looks up’ the knowledge within them – our aim is to fill the width of the screen with visual knowledge, whilst minimising the amount of horizontal / vertical scrolling required by the user. Thus we usually use an ‘org-tree’ layout – the 1st level of main branches are arranged horizontally like an organisation chart, with all the sub-branches arranged in a vertical, hierarchical tree like structure below them.

Logical layout – the logical arrangement of the seed branches with respect to the central topic. This needs to fit in with the ways we humans structure the world in our heads in order to break it down into manageable chunks so we can make sense of it. This arrangement could be alphabetical, geographical, chronological, or a combination (e.g. alphabetical within geographic areas & sub-areas).

Knowledge Seed branches
These are the main focus of the knowledge map, with each seed branch representing a particular building block in the real world e.g. geographic subdivisions, public bodies, elected representatives, communities etc. These are ‘visually rich’, with multiple embedded and attached knowledge elements, including core images like logos and geographic maps as well as links to online knowledge resources, and so are mini knowledge portals in their own right (see below).

Collection branches
These enable the grouping of related sub-branches, and can appear at more than one level in the map hierarchy.

Knowledge Resource Link branches
These sub-branches each have a single attached hyperlink to an external knowledge resource, with the branch title being that of the resource. They are grouped into related collections, such as ‘General Knowledge Resources’ or ‘Geographic Knowledge Resources’. Having a branch linking solely to one knowledge resource enables easier, more ‘thumb friendly’ browsing & discovery of them, which helps in more intensive activities like prolonged desktop research.

Map Meta branches
These are branches that tell the user more about the map and how to get the most out of it…

Map Legend branch – Describes in detail each of the different types of branches – and the different knowledge elements embedded within or attached to them – that make up this particular map.

Contributing Knowledgebases branch – Describes the various official / defnitive / plain old useful online, public domain knowledge resources that we have discovered and ‘tapped into’ to make this map, grouped into related collections, such as ‘General Knowledge Resources’ or ‘Geographic Knowledge Resources’ etc. Many are linked to directly within the knowledge seed or related knowledge resource links collection branches in the main map, whilst some cannot be linked to at the deep level of ‘individual building blocks’, but all are worthy of further exploration if you are interested in the subject area of the map.
Floating branches – As the name suggests these are not visually connected to the framework branches. Because they are more visually prominent within the map, they are usually used to point the user in the right ‘direction’.

Each branch has a mix of elements embedded within, or attached to, it and/or has some other physical attribute that conveys core knowledge, or link to primary knowledge resources, about the ‘real world building block’ the branch represents. Created using functionality that is often unque to MindManger, these ‘knowledge elements’ take the form of…

Outline Shape
This may convey knowledge about some aspect of the subject of the branch. For example for branches representing geographic areas, the outline shape indicates the nature of its’ borders with neighbouring areas with respect to the sea…

CIRCLE = all coastal borders (ie. ‘island(s)’)

HEXAGON = all land borders (ie. ‘land-locked’)

ROUNDED RECTANGLE = mixed coastal & Land borders

Fill Colour
Sometimes the colour filling a branch conveys knowledge eg. a particular political party.

Image [Embedded]
Images such as logos, thumbnail location maps, flags, icons, people profile pictures etc. provide a unique visual element that users can instantly ‘latch onto’ as they navigate their way around the map.

Text
Thanks to MindManager’s unique ability to handle ‘rich’ text – the ability to variably format individual chatracters within a single text ‘string’ – we can pack several different pieces of ‘core knowledge’ – such as names & unique identifying codes (taken from official sources) – into the text of a single branch without it visually overwhelming the user.

Note [Attached]
A branch note can contain all the elements of a word processed page – variably formatted (‘rich’) text, links, tables and images, and so is an ideal place for supplementary information that would otherwise add visual clutter to the map.

Data Elements [Embedded] MindManager has 2 unique ways to add contextual ‘facts & figures’ (i.e. text and number fields) to individual branches so that they are visible to the user (though only one can be used on any given branch)…

Spreadsheet Table / Chart –A branch specific spreadsheet table created using MindManager’s spreadshet tool (i.e. not referencing cells in a ‘normal’ spreadsheet file stored elsewhere), with all the usual functionality available. If the data content is structured appropriately, it can be toggled between ‘table’ and ‘chart’ view (though this view is ‘fixed’ when the map is exported to create the HTML version).

Multiple Single Data Fields – These are like single cells in a spreadsheet and the values – which can be text or numeric – can be used to format the branch using MindManager’s Smart Rules feature.

Index Marker Tags [Attached]
Arranged in groups and added to individual branches as appropriate, index marker tags add visible contextual knowledge, enable map filtering to show / hide only those branches with specified tags, and internal map navigation.

Multiple Hyperlinks [Attached]
Another unique feature, multiple links to a range of official definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources attached to the seed branch – usually selected from the full range of general & geographic knowledge resource collections – help turn the map into a knowledge portal without adding to the visual clutter.

File formats

We make our knowledge maps available to download in 2 file formats…

MindManager (.mmap)

MindManager (.mmap) maps are the original maps we create. Thus when opened in the world’s best information mapping software, all the features of are available for full featured viewing, amending, expanding, adapting and using in other MindManager maps. These files can often be imported into other ‘mindmapping’ software applications, but with caveats (see the ‘Other mindmapping software’ tab below…).

HTML5 (.html)

HTML5 (.html) versions of our maps retain all the content – and most of the interactivity – of the original MindManager map (from which they are exported). They can be viewed by anybody, in any modern web browser software, on any digital device, without the need for any software plugins, as stand-alone files or embedded in web pages, on(or off)-line (once dowloaded).

Find out more below…

MindManager (.mmap) maps are the original maps we create. Thus when opened in MindManager, all the features of the world’s best information mapping software are available for…

full feature viewing…
editing & amending…
expanding with aditional content…
adapting & re-purposing…
re-using, in whole or in part, in other MindManager maps….

MindManager Professional for individuals & small teams is available for multiple platforms – Windows, Mac, MS Teams, Chromebook, & Web.

MindManager Enterprise for users of 5 or more can be centrally installed on local area network servers and can integrate with other enterprise applications like Microsoft SharePoint and Microsoft Teams.

There is also a free mobile app called MindManager Go for Android and iOS.

There are Special Licence programs available for government, non-profit, and educational institutions.

A fully functioning 30 day free trial copy can be downloaded from here. At the end of the trial period MindManager remains fully functioning, apart from the ability to save files. Thus it can continue to be used as a free file reader for our knowledge maps in MindManager format in perpetuity. Although we think that you will want to keep it a spart of your digital toolbox (see the ‘MindManager – More than just mindmapping software’ tab in the ‘How we got here…’ section below for more information).

HTML5 (.html) knowledge maps retain all the content – and most of the interactivity – of the original MindManager map (from which they are exported). For example they can be interactively queried by filtering using index marker tags to hide / show / highlight the coresponding branches.

And, just like any other html file, they can be …

viewed by anybody, in any modern internet browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safara etc.), on or offline (once downloaded), on any device…
shared by email or file sharing services (eg. DropBox).
published online as stand-alone web pages, such that they have their own URL (which can be shared), or even embedded within existing pages (and hosted somewhere else eg. the aforementioned URL).

However HTML maps cannot be edited or ammended, or content copied and used in other maps.

Find out more about them in the ‘Using HTML maps’ section below…

Because MindManager was the first software of it’s type and has been the market leader for over 20 years, many other ‘mindmapping’ software programmes (or online platforms) that have subsequently emerged have the capability of importing map files in MindManager (.mmap) format. A word of caution however…

Our maps fully utilise the large range of unique ‘information cartography’ features available in MindManager…

large maps (1000’s of branches)
‘rich (ie. variably) formatted’ topic text
multiple hyperlinks attached to a single branch
embedded data features (spreadsheets, charts & topic properties)
configurable sub-branch layout options for every branch within the one map

These features are not supported by other ‘mindmapping’ software programs. Thus even if your program can import a MindManager file, how it copes with each of these features, and what it renders on-screen as a result, will vary from the MindManager version so user beware!

Using HTML maps

The fact that our knowledge maps can be published as HTML5 files – viewable in any modern web browser software, on any digital device, without the need for any software plugins, as stand-alone files or embedded in web pages, on(or off)-line – means they can be viewed & used by anybody!

However unlike MindManager users, almost by definition those who are using our HTML maps for the first time will be unfamiliar with the whole ‘knowledge map thing’ – what the different parts are, how you interact with it, how you acess the embedded / attached content (eg. accessing the multiple hyperlinks to knowledge resources, or filtering the map using marker tags).

That’s why we’ve produced the content (including short videos) below…

MindManager is the only information mapping software that can also publish it’s maps as HTML5 files…

So what is the difference between the original MindManager (.mmap) and the exported HTML version? Well HTML knowledge maps are…

Just about the same as the original – HTML versions of knowledge maps retain all the rich, visual content – and just about all the functional interactivity – of the original MindManager map, though how the user interacts with that functionality does differ a bit. It’s also continually being developed. For example HTML maps can now be visually filtered using the index marker tags attached to branches.

A bit bigger – The file size of the HTML version of the map is about 40 – 50% bigger than the original MindManager (.mmap) file, depending on the type of content (the presence of lots of images is really what bumps up the file size no matter which file format).

Easily Viewed – Just as importantly HTML map files can be viewed…

In any modern web browser software – Which is basically all of them – Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari, Microsoft Edge etc…
On any device – Desktop computers, tablets and smart phones (all of which come with browsers pre-installed!)
Without the need for any software plugins – No need for additional bits of software to be downloaded and installed on your device in order to open and view your file properly,
As standalone files or embedded in web pages – The .html file can be viewed as you would any other file downloaded from the web or file sharing service (eg. Dropbox), or sent as an email attachment – by double clicking on it on the device. However like a Google Map it can also be embedded within a frame on a web page and viewed without the viewer consciously downloading anything (the file still has to be physically ‘hosted’ on a server somewhere and ‘served’ to the page when viewed). An example would be our ‘map of maps’ is embedded in the footer of every page of this website.
On-, or off-, line – Once the file – or the web page in which its is embedded – has downloaded to the device, there is no need for an internet connection in order for it to be viewed and interacted with. Obviously a connection is required to view the online knowledge resources linked to in the map, but the contextual knowledge contained in the seed branches of the map itself will be available.

‘Thumb Friendly’ – Easily interacted with on small touch screen devices such as mobile phones.

Find out more about map elements, basic navigation and some tips for viewing on mobile devices in the following sections…

We pack a lot of knowledge ‘bits & pieces’ into our maps, either embedded within, or attached to, the 100’s of map branches (‘topics’) that provide the visual structure that connects them all together. This video explains the different types of knowledge content….

Now that you know the different elements that make up one of our knowledge maps, this video shows the basics of navigating your way around it and accessing the public domain knowledge resources via the hyperlinks….

As stated already our HTML knowledge maps are “thumb friendly and viewable in any modern browser, on any device”. Here are a few extra tips to enhance your user experience if viewing maps on a small touch-screen device…

Vertical Scrolling Of Webpage – If your ‘scrolling thumb’ is anywhere within the embedded map window when it slides across the touch-screen, you will pan around the map rather than scroll the webpage as a whole. To counter this there is always a narrow margin around the map panel at the edges of the screen, which you can ‘drag’ to move the page. (Viewing the map full screen in a new browser tab also gets round this issue :-).

Activating Branch Content – Clicking on map branches will activate content. Notes & the list of attached hyperlinks will open up in a side panel in the browser window. On mobile phones this panel can be take up a disconcertingly large proportion of the screen. If you don’t want to access this content, just click on the map background away from the activated branch, and the panel will disappear.

Following Hyperlinks – If there is a single hyperlink on a branch then clicking on the favicon symbol at the end once will activate it and the web resource linked to will open up in a new browser tab. If the topic has multiple hyperlinks attached (another unique MindManager feature) then these can only be followed by clicking on the link in the list in the side panel that opens up within the browser window when the branch is clicked. Note that notes and hyperlinks are on separate tabs within the sidepanel if both are present. Hyperlinks are listed in the ‘Attachments’ tab.

Benefits

Our knowldge maps work on many levels…

visually structured indexes of what ‘things’ exist in a defined ‘space’.
visually structured index of knowledge resources about the ‘things’ available in the public domain.
visually structured portal to said knowledge resources (discover & access with a couple of mouse clicks).
visually structured source of rich contextual, ‘big picture’ knowledge about the ‘things’.

Find out more about the benefits they bring to users below…

Users of all our maps (HTML or MindManger) enjoy these benefits…

Visual Register – Maps are the official / definitive list of what’s what, visually structured in a way that makes it easier to see what’s there and understand the context.

Big Picture – See everything in the context of the bigger picture.

Contextual Knowledge – MindManager’s many unique information cartography features – rich (variably formatted) text, embedded images, embedded spreadsheets / charts / data fields, attached index marker tags – enable much useful knowledge to be visually encoded in the map so users don’t even have to look up the linked knowledge resources in many instances.

Fast Search – Even when a map has 100’s / 1000’s of branches & links, searching the content – in all the different ‘information channels’ that MindManager provides – is super quick.

Knowledge Portal – Maps contain 100’s / 1000’s of single / multiple hyperlinks attached to the map branches, which means a virtual library of official / definitive / plain old useful online knowledge resources about the ‘things’ in the register is no more than a mouse click away. The visual structure of the map makes it easier to discover, assimilate and utilise the new knowledge eg. for desktop research.

Interactively Query – Users can query the map using the filter function to hide / show branches based on the index marker tags attached to them (even the HTML ones).
Share – As they are single files, maps can be easily shared as email attachments, via file sharing services, or as downloads. HTML files have the added ability to be pusblished as standalone webpages, or embedded in existing web pages.

Print – Maps can be printed, in their entirety or in it’s filtered state. Printouts can be used as a visual prop to facilitate discussions and meetings amongst stakeholders, no matter how impromptu.

Archive – Because the maps are an actual digital file (as opposed to a web page constructed from a database), they can be permanently preserved as a knowledge artefact by simply saving it in a digital archive. Obviously as time goes on the knowledge in the map will gradually be superceded and the URL’s for the linked resources therein may no longer work, however the knowledge that this was the big picture at one time and that these knowledge resources about it existed (and may still exist but now at a new URL?) will still be useful in the future.

Discovering knowledge is usually just the starting point. Once it has been understood & assimilated, users want to do things with it, depending on why they were looking for it in the first place. MindManager users therefore have further options available to them to take our knowledge maps to the next level for their own benefit…

Living Document – As well as re-arranging the existing content to suit them, users are free to add their own, as and when they want, turning the map into their own living document. So for example users can add their own appointments & events (with links to files etc.) to our calendar maps, turning them into their personal diaries, after having first perhaps removed some of the content (eg. international events), or added another level of granularity using content from the time template map, to personalise it. Or if undertaking desktop research using our world atlas knowledge maps, they can selectively add the newly disocovered knowledge to the map as sub-branches and/or branch notes on the existing seed branch, which has the added beenfit of retaining the ‘big picture context’ of where it came from in the first place.

Template Basemap – If your need to add / ammend your map with the latest knowledge is ongoing, then you can think of it in terms of a ‘basemap’, to which you are adding additional ‘layers’ of knowledge (just like ‘layers’ of geographic ‘things’ – points, lines, polygons, travel routes – on top of a geographic basemap from Ordnance Survey or Google). Once you have a basemap template, it is easy to re-purpose for many other uses without having to start from scratch each time.

Content Source – Use any of the content of the map in other maps as appropriate. So not just whole branches withtheir sub-branches, but individuala embedded / attached elements like spreadsheets / charts, data fields, hyperlinks etc. This could be a simple, one off ‘copy & paste’, or creating a map part that is saved to your parts library so that it it is instantly accessible to be added to any map without recourse to the original source map.

Index Marker Tag Source – This is especially true of groups of index marker tags, used to tag map branches. Thanks to the great MAP add-in from our partners at Olympic, a whole new group of marker tags can be created from a whole level of map sub-branches with a single mouse click. As our maps are usually definitive registers of ‘real world things’, our maps always contain those as a groupf of marker tags as well as branches. For example our world atlas knowledge maps contain tags for every country in the world (as officially defined by ISO3166-1), which can be used to ‘geo-filter’ the map ie. show only those branches tagged with a particular ‘geographic location.

Background to how we got here...

The origins of why we create the knowledge maps that we do lies in the technique of ‘mind mapping‘, popularised in the 1970’s & 80’s by British popular psychology author and broadcaster Tony Buzan, and the ‘mindmapping software’ that first appeared in the 1990’s to do it on desktop computers, of which MindManager (our software of choice) has always been the market leader, but has evolved to do so, so much more….

The technique of ‘Mindmapping‘ was originally pioneered by Tony Buzan in the 1970’s & 80’s (though the use of diagrams that visually ‘map’ information using branching and radial tree maps traces back centuries). It is a manual, graphical (ie. using coloured pens and paper) way of capturing, storing and working with your own knowledge and thoughts that works in harmony with the way your brain actually processes and stores it – that is in ‘branching’ chains of associated concepts (literally ‘chains of thought’).

Play Video

The Power of a Mind to Map: Tony Buzan at TEDxSquareMile (Dec 18, 2012) [19:35]

Play Video

How to Mind Map with Tony Buzan [4:59]

In the creation of a ‘mind map’ knowledge is not captured ‘linearly’ in traditional lines, paragraphs and pages of text, but instead in discrete words and associated images, arranged around the central idea, connected together by radiating branch lines that show the hierarchical inter-relationships between them.

This forms a branching structure, radiating out from the centre, which is why they are also known as ‘tree diagrams‘. Text is minimal, a few words only that encapsulate the concept or idea, but this is supplemented by the use of different colours, pictures, shapes and symbols so that the mindmap engages the whole brain, both in creating it and reading it.

The power of the mindmapping process is that, because your brain can literally see your thoughts and the relationships between them in front it as a picture, it can’t help but think of other thoughts and connections, which once added to the map, spark yet more thoughts and so on in a positive feedback loop.

Thus a mind map is both a fundamental ingredient in the mental thought process, as well as a physical, tangible by-product of it.

Given the popularity of the mindmapping technique (especially in the worlds of Education and Business), but the physical limitations placed on it through using a sheet of paper and pens, by the 1990’s it was only a matter of time before somebody wrote a software program to create mindmaps on a desktop personal computer (well there weren’t any other kinds of personal computer back then, right kids? ;-).

MindManager was one of the first (version 1 was released in 1994 under the name ‘MindMan’), but this was followed by a handful more by the 2000’s (including Tony’s own iMindMap, which was used to create the above map), and now there are dozens and dozens and it’s a very crowded ‘software space’ (though all are not created equal, as we will see in the next section).

What Software Adds To The MindMapping Process

MindMapping software overcomes some of the physical limitations of the traditional, analog process, but also adds fundamental abilities that were not conceived of in the original scope and design of mind mapping, which came from a pre-personal computing age…

It's A Digital Document

And so, just like any other digital file, a digital mindmap can be stored and shared and archived and retrieved and re-worked on and everything else…

Unlimited Editing & Re-arrangement Of Contents 'On The Hoof'

Digital maps can be endlessly amended, edited and rearranged within the software ‘on the hoof’ as they are being created. This is at best problematic on paper, if not completely impossible once the main structure of the map has been committed to. In other words digital maps can be changed “at the speed of thought”.

Infinite Canvas

Unlike a sheet of paper, the canvas in mindmap software has no edge. Thus it is possible to literally follow and record a complete ‘chain of thought’ without the mental disruption of worrying about running out of space.

Infinite Hierarchical Levels

Likewise there is no limit to the number of levels of sub-branches that can be added to the map. Furthermore at any level in the hierarchy, the software allows you to collapse the sub-branches below so you can’t see them, and then expand them out again so you can. Thus it is possible to record effectively unlimited amounts of information down to the finest level of detail, but to hide the detail from view until required so that just the upper branches – which outline the ‘big picture’ about the central topic in question – can still be seen in one view.

More 'Visual Channels' For Capturing Information

There are additional ways that information can be embedded within, or attached to, the branches of a digital mindmap, over and above the ‘traditional’, immediately visible text and images, such as…
Notes attached to the branch (which can be at least an infinite amount of text and sometimes tables and images).
Hyperlinks ‘attached’ to a branch can take the viewer anywhere on the internet, or a file on the computer, when ‘clicked’.
Index Markers ‘attached’ to a branch can ‘tag’ it with contextual knowledge.

From Initial Thoughts & Ideas, Through Plan Of Action To Completed Deliverable

In todays ‘information-age society’ almost everything we do in terms of work is digital – creating, consuming and sharing a lot of information on a daily basis in order to do whatever is we want to do. Mindmapping software is an ideal digital tool to do all that in the one environment. From defining the problem / project, through brainstorming a solution (how the problem will be solved / deciding on the project content), to a plan of action to deliver it (who is doing what, by when, with the resources available), to a dashboard that is visually telling you if everything is going according to plan!
The key thing to note – and this is one of the ‘killer applications’ of mindmapping software that saves you time and makes business processes so much more efficient – is that the final map produced by the end of each stage, is re-purposed as the starting point of the next one.

As you can see ‘mindmapping’ software goes way beyond the manual, paper-based technique of ‘mindmapping’ as envisaged by Tony Buzan. It is a hugely versatile digital tool that enables users to do a lot of the everyday digital stuff they have to do anyway, but much quicker, easier and efficiently, allowing them to stay more in control of the whole information capturing, understanding and sharing process.

Anyway as ‘mindmapping software’ became popular, there was heated debate amongst mindmapping advocates as to whether or not mindmaps created by compter software were ‘real mindmaps’ according to the rules of Tony Buzan. However we have never been much vexed by this academic argument because, as cartographers, we could see the exciting possibilities that mindmapping software offered for the mapping of any sort of ‘knowledge space’. Not just abstract thoughts and ideas generated inside your brain, but also tangible things that exist in the real world (often in hierarchical relationships), and the knowledge resources about them that exist in the online public domain.

MindManager software has always been about more than just mindmapping on computer. It has always had a business focus (often describing itself as “the missing piece of Microsoft Office), lending itself to everyday tasks that individuals and teams in organisations need to do – brainstorming, project planning, task lists etc.

When we first started using MindManager over 20 years ago it was for those classic business mapping uses, and it soon became our ‘go to digital tool of first resort’ for working with any sort of information. However we were always struck by the similarities in the processes of mapping ‘business information’, and the traditional ‘geographic information’ mapping we had hitherto been involved with.

And so began our development of MindManager as an information cartography tool, capable of ‘visually capturing’ pretty much any ‘space’ of human interest and endeavour (be it physical, virtual, conceptual or whatever) in a single ‘map’ (ie. a visually structured document), or series of inter-linked maps. Not just the ‘things’ that occupy the space, and the spatial inter-relashionships between them, but also the man knowledge resources about each ‘thing’ that already existed about them in the public domain, and the links to those resources.

Even though many other ‘mind mapping’ tools have emerged into what is now a very crowded space over the years, both ‘standalone’ software or an ‘online service’, MindManger remains our main knowledge mapping tool. There are a couple of reasons for this. Firstly it has always grown as the wider technology has (eg. the integration with first Microsoft SharePoint and now Teams). Secondly – and this is the most important one – no other software has such a wide variety of ‘visual channels’ to attach / embed information in a map. Most of these features are unique to MindManager and it is these that we use to take our ‘information cartography’ to the next level. You can find out more about these on the Knowledge Mappers website, but here are the main ones…

Wide Variety of Map Layout Styles (even at individual branch level)

Not only does MindManager offer an unrivalled number of different map layouts – ‘traditional’ (radiating from the centre) mindmap, organisation chart, timeline etc. – the layout of individual branches & sub-branches can be separately styled, no matter where they are in the hierarchy.

Big Maps, With 1000's Of Branches & Even More Hyperlinks

MindManager maps can have 1000’s of branches without affecting the software ‘performance’. The biggest one we have created so far had 20,000+ branches. This has been enough for us to knowledge map the solar system, and all the countries of the world in a single map. Thus we can be fairly confident that we can map all the ‘things’ in a space before we start!

Variably Formatted ('Rich') Branch Text

By being able to variably format individual elements within the text of a single branch, we can create visual hierarchies for the different components. This means the text string can contain a greater amount of more diverse information, without visually overwhelming the viewer eg. including unique identifying codes (taken from official sources) as well as the name.

Multiple Hyperlinks On A Single Branch

MindManager has the unique ability to attach multiple hyperlinks to a single map branch. This means that…
1) maps need fewer branches so are less visually cluttered;
2) a single branch can become a mini knowledge portal in it’s own right;
3) links to core knowledge resources can remain with the branch when it’s re-used in other maps (whether or not it’s the key focus of that map).
4) a map with 1000’s of branches, can contain many more 1000’s of hyperlinks!

Embedded Single Data Cells ('Topic Properties')

Multiple data fields (akin to single cells in a spreadsheet) can be embedded within a branch and is another way of adding contextual facts & figures to the map. Also the field values can be used to visually format the individual branch eg. if the value is greater than a particular number then make the branch text / fill this colour, or this shape (this is equivelant to ‘thematic mapping’ in GIS)…

HTML Export

MindManager has the unique ability to export maps as HTML5 (.html) files. These retain all the content – and most of the interactivity – of the original eg. they can be interactively queried by filtering using index marker tags to hide / show / highlight the coresponding branches. And, just like any other html file, they can be…
1) viewed by anybody, in any modern internet browser (Chrome, Firefox, Safara etc.), on or offline (once downloaded), on any device;
2) shared by email or file sharing services (eg. DropBox);
3) published online as stand-alone web pages, such that they have their own URL (which can be shared), or even embedded within existing pages (and hosted somewhere else eg. the aforementioned URL).
This means that anybody can view the knowledge maps we create, they don’t need to have MindMaanger software (unless they want to amend or re-use the content).

Find out more on the Knowledge Mappers website

Anyway as you can see MindManager software really does enable us to take knowledge mapping to the next level….

We seriously began using MindManager – the world’s best information mapping software – as a business information mapping tool back in 2002 (see above). However we soon realised that the MindManager maps we were now creating, and the geographic maps that we created and worked with every day (Knowledge Mappers started out as a consultancy offering geographic information mapping & spatial analysis services), had many characteristics in common….

Both are their own type of visual knowledge format

Maps are a type of visual knowledge format in their own right. By ‘visual knowledge’ we mean that they capture and encode data / information / knowledge within them as visual elements (‘pictures’ at their simplest) that convey said to the viewer visually rather than as text that they have to first understand the words of, and then interpret their meaning.

Sure you could use words to start describing a map, but you would soon tie yourself up in knots – where do you even start? Do you describe every ‘thing’, or just the most important ‘things’? Do you describe the relationships between ‘the thing’ and every ‘other thing’, or just the ‘adjacent things’ round about it? And is that description absolute in terms of distance, or relative in terms of position? And isn’t it just easier to draw a picture?

Both map 'the things' that together define 'a space'

At it’s simplest ‘a map’ is a visually structured index of what ‘things’ together define a particular ‘space’, and the inter-relationships between them within ‘the space’.

Geographic maps depict ‘geographic (ie. ‘real world’) space’ and the ‘geographic things’ that exist within it…

Topographic features – these define the physical landscape within which we humand exist eg. rivers, coastlines, mountains, valleys, forests etc.),
Human geographic features – these are all man-made and exist in the ‘real world’, but some are ‘physically tangible’ (eg. settlements, roads, fields etc.), whilst some just exist as ‘lines on a map’ and so are purely ‘conceptual’, even though they may be vital to the running of a human society (eg. administrative / electoral / public service delivery areas etc.).

In a MindManager map the space is always ‘conceptual’ (ie. it exists in our ‘brain space’), and the branches are the ‘things’ that define the ‘conceptual space’. Traditionally the ‘conceptual things’ in mindmaps are of an individual’s ‘thoughts’ and ‘ideas’ about a particular subject, however we realised that they was no reason why they couldn’t also be about ‘real world things’ – say the aforementioned ‘human geaographic things’.

*LIGHTBULB MOMENT*

Both map the relationships between 'the things' that together define 'the space'

Professionally produced geographic maps are a visual record of the recorded locations of ‘the geographic things’ within the mapped ‘geographic space’. Geographic locations can be defined in 2 ways, each of which in turn enable the spatial inter-relationships between ‘the things’ to be described in different ways…

absolutely using numeric co-ordinate systems to locate them in at least 2 (if not 3) dimensional ‘real world’ space. This is what makes a ‘geographic map’ a true scale drawing of the geographic space, from which we can quantitavely answer queries like ‘how far apart are these 2 ‘point things’ from each other’, ‘how much do these 2 ‘area things’ overlap? etc.
relatively with respect to each other, from which we can derive qualititative logical relationships like ‘beside’, ‘connected to’, ‘overlaps with’, ‘contained enirely within’, ‘is a sub-division of’ etc.

Where the relatively defined relationships between ‘the things’ within ‘a space’ are logical and hierarchical, they can also be captured in a MindManager map.

The classic logical tree diagram map for a ‘conceptual human space’ is an organisation chart, which shows the different divisions and sub-divisions of an organisation, and who is in charge of who. However it is surprising how often that the ‘things’ that make up our everyday ‘human geography space’ have hierachical inter-relationships. For example the ‘Countries of the World’ are arranged into macro geographic sub-regions and regions for official statistical purposes by the United Nations, whilst also being made up of sub-national divisions like states, counties and communities. It is through all these administrative areas that the afairs of the human race are usually organised and run…

*ANOTHER LIGHBULB MOMENT*

Both use cartographic principles and devices to create a visual structure & language

A map encodes & conveys information visually, but crucially does so in a logical, structured way using the art & science of cartography, which uses cartographic principles & devices such as….

visual hierachies – more visually prominent things (bigger, bolder etc.) are more important.
lines – can show relationships between things – equivelant to, subdivision of, border between etc.
shapes – points, lines and areas (polygons) etc.
symbols – these could be literal depictions or visual metaphors.
colours – meaningful, eye-catching, complementary, contrasting etc.

All these are in conjunction with a minimal amount of text – which is usually in the form of brief labels of said points, lines and areas – which too are visually formatted using the same cartographic devices.

Together all these elements create a visually structured, cartographic framework (‘language’) of knowledge elements that…

more actively engage with the viewers brains than a linearly structured, text-only knowledge resource does, and so it is more easily navigated, understood and assimilated (as per mindmapping principles – see above).
can be replicated when creating other maps to establish a common visual knowledge framework & language for capturing and working with different sets of data / information / knowledge that occupy the same ‘conceptual space’ (which as we say could still be ‘real world space’).

Both can be built up in layers of related 'things'

Most of us at some point have taken a geographic map and drawn our own information on top of it to quickly transfer our geographic knowledge to others or for it to be transfered to us – eg. ‘the route’ for new friends to get to our house, or for us to get from the hotel we’ve never stayed in before to the museum we’ve never visited before. In the old days it was by drawing a line on a paper map, but Google Maps showing you the ‘routes’ between the 2 points as coloured lines on your mobile phone screen is still the same priniple.

And that principle is that the starting geographic map is acting as a ‘basemap’ knowledge layer upon which additional layers of more specialised knowledge (eg. ‘the route’) are added. These additional layers are proper ‘layers in the information system’ in their own right, but without the visual context provided by the underlying basemap layers (which place them in a bigger picture / real world space, that is familiar to the viewer) they would be difficult for a viewer to understand, especially without any exisiting ‘local knowledge’. For example ‘a route’ is just a line on a piece of paper (or screen) if it doesn’t reference ‘things’ in ‘geographic space’ – a starting location, a destination location and named roads in between.

Similarly we can think of each level in the branch hierarchy of a MindManager map as additional layers of ‘related things’, each building on the previous layer. This is the basis of our series of Countries of the World knowledge atlas maps (see below).

*ANOTHER LIGHTBULB MOMENT*

Both are physical - and therefore archivable - knowledge artefacts

Geographic maps have 2 lives…

The first is as a ‘living / working document’ that shows ‘the space’ and the ‘things’ that define it ‘now’ (or at least the date of publication).
However the world moves on, ‘things’ change, ‘spaces’ change, and so the maps of them have to be updated so that they still reflect the latest situation ‘in the real world’. It is then that the original map becomes a historical record of what ‘things’ made up ‘the space’ at that particular point in time.

In the age of paper geographic maps this cycle of ‘survey, publish and archive’ was usually infrequent, due to the expense of manual field survey methodoligies, but also the fact that the pace of change of the real world was not that fast. Superceded maps were physically archived in map libraries (just like the books in the rest of the library) so they could be still be available to future generations to consult.

However in the digital age the whole process happens much quicker. Field surveyors use digital tools and upload their data to a central spatial database there and then, where it may be augmented with data gathered using remote sensing techniques (from satellites, planes and drones). Online mapping services like Google Maps ‘assemble on demand’ the maps they display to the viewer from the objects in the spatial database, so they always ‘serve up’ the most current picture. Thus unless the underlying digital data is shared, a ‘Google Map’ isn’t a ‘map type artefact’ that can be archived.

By definition MindManger maps too are digital, however they are saved as a physical software file, which can be copied, stored locally and/or centraly, and archived.

In other words we could replicate ‘traditional maps of geographic space’ in a MindManager map – well at least it coud be a visually structured record of the ‘geographic things’ that define a single ‘geographic space’ along with the hierarchical relationships between them.

So we realised that it may be possible to use MindManager to map ‘geographic space’. Yes it would be in a more limited way compared to some aspects of a ‘traditional geographic map’, however we could use mindmapping principles and MindManager’s amazing ‘information cartography’ tools to take other aspects much, much further. For example…

incorporating hyperlinks to multiple online, public domain knowledge resources about each of the ‘geographic things’ – be they ‘official’, ‘definitive’ or just ‘plain old useful’ 🙂 – by attaching them to the map branch that represents that ‘thing’.
incorporating core contextual knowledge about each of the ‘geographic things’ – gleaned from those now linked to online resources – using MindManager’s many information cartography tools – embedded elements like images (such as geographic maps), spreadsheet tables & charts, and single data cells; and attached elements like notes and index marker tags.

That in fact we could create a knowledge atlas (ie. a knowledge map about real world geographic things)…

Image_IGM_WorldCountries_FULL_ALL_1920x1080

Image_Countries_Overview_TEST3_1920x1080

But how did we actually do it? How do we get from a ‘traditional geographic map of countries of the world’, to a ‘knowledge atlas of countries of the world’?

Well it’s all about those inter-relationships between the geographic building blocks (ie. the countries) that make up a space (ie. the world), as it is mapping these in MindManager that will create the fundamental, inter-connected framework of map branches.

But in order to do that, we need to know….

What are all the ‘Countries of the World’ (each ‘country’ will be represented by one branch only in the map)?
What are the hierarchical relationships between them (which will define how those branches are best arranged within the map)?

As we’ll see below, the answers to these are officially defined in downloadable data tables & spreadsheets, which can be easily imported into MindManager as a starting point….

ISO3166-1 - The definitive list of 'Countries of the World'

So it turns out the official list (or ‘register’) of the ‘Countries of the World’ is the international standard ISO3166 – ‘Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions’. This can be found on the International Standards Organisation (ISO)’s website, with the actual data table on the ISO online browing platform. (Though as ISO point out they are only responsible for maintaining the coding system of unique letters and/or numbers – so that countries and their subdivisions can be referred to in a completely unambiguous way that transcends language barriers – whilst the names come from official United Nations sources.)

UN Geoscheme - ISO3166-1 Countries grouped into Macro geographic regions & sub-regions

There are many ways of arranging the ‘Countiries of the World’ into related groups and sub-groups, but the main official (but not only) schema for grouping them together geographically into macro-geographic regions and sub-regions is the United Nations Geoscheme (or M49 Statistical Standard), devised by the UN to consistently collect and aggregate country based statistics to try and keep track of what’s going on in this big old crazy world of ours.

Thus it is the UN Geoscheme that officially defines the hierarchical inter-relationships between the official ‘Countries of the World’, and it’s those that our MindManager map will capture as a network of knowledge seed branches – one for each country, region and sub-region – inter-connected by relationship lines to create the hierarchy and so define ‘the space’.

And so now we’ve tracked down this definitive data source, we can get cracking….

Turning the Geoscheme data table into a basic MindManager map

Countries_ISO3166_and_UN-Geoscheme_1st-MAP_1920x1080

Turning an existing data table into a map is where MindManager comes into it’s own, providing several ways of ‘getting it into the system’…

Manual – highlight, drag and drop (or copy and paste) the data from the source into where you want it to go on the map (ideal for data capture ‘on the hoof’).
Automated – import the spreadsheet or .csv file directly into MindManager with the Excel Mapping Tool (or link it to a database).

The choice is yours, but personally speaking, as with mindmapping, there’s nothing like the physical process of creating a knowledge map with your own hands to really improve your understanding of the subject, especially from a base knowledge of zero.

Anyway once that’s done, we now have our basic MindManager map – a ‘tree diagram’ network of branches (one for each country, region and sub-region), inter-connected by relationship lines to visually define the hierarchy.

So now that we have our basic MindManager map – a ‘tree diagram’ network of branches (one for each country, region and sub-region), inter-connected by relationship lines to visually define the hierarchy – how do we transform it into our Countries of the World Knowledge Atlas?

Turning the basic MindManager map into a Knowledge Atlas

So what does this basic MindManager map lack that we will have to add to create our Knowledge Atlas map? Well….

Links to official / definitive / plain old useful multiple knowledge resources about each country, grouped into ‘collections’.
Visual knowledge elements embedded / attached to the branches to add contextual knowledge and utility.
Integration of all these together in country / region knowledge seed branches, each of which is a mini knowlkedge portal in it’s wn right.
Everything tied together in a visually appealling but still structured way that ‘packs a lot in’ but doesn’t immediately overwhelm the user.

In other words what is required is a lot of detective work and application of cartographic ‘know how’….

Incorporating links to knowledge resources about the country / region into the map

In order to include links to official / definitive / plain old useful public domain knowledge resources about the ‘Countries of the World’ in our map, we first need to track them down ourselves wherever they are in the online public domain (what we call ‘going on a knowledge safari’ :-).

This may seem like a daunting task, but actually we’ve already ‘got one in the bag’ in the form of the original ISO online platform listing all the countries that are part of the ISO3166-1 standard, as each one has it’s own listing page (eg. this one for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).

And as we’ve said, the GeoScheme schema was devised by the United Nations for country-level data gathering, so it’s no surpirse that each country and region has a data page on the UNdata portal – so that’s 2 knowledge resource links. (Actually it’s quite a lot more as once you look deeper you will find they also have pages on the websites of many of the UN family of organisations, but that’s for later :-).

And then of course there’s Wikipedia, because in this day and age just about everything important has it’s own page (or even it’s own category) on Wikipedia (the corollary being if it’s not on Wikipedia, is it even important? – discuss ;-)….

And then there’s all the external links referenced to in the Wikipedia page….

And possibly sister sites to Wikipedia, like the Wikivoyage site for travellers….

And then there’s all the ones we can find with a browser and a Google search bar (other search engines are available ;-)….

Of course before they’re added to the final map all these links have to be….

assessed for quality before adding.
‘tidied up’ and cartographically improved after adding.
arranged into logical collections (eg. ‘General knowledge’, ‘Geographic knowledge’ etc.)

However once that is done…

we can explore them ourselves to find useful contextual knowledge to incorporate within the map (which in turn might lead to more knowledge resources to include).
for the end user they become both more easily discoverable within the ‘bigger picture’ context of the whole map, and more easily accessible as they are only ever no more than a couple of mouse clicks away.

Thus as well as being a visually structured index of knowledge resources about the ‘things’ in the ‘space’, our knowledge map is now also a portal to those resources.

Incorporating contextual knowledge gleaned from the 'linked to' resources as visual knowledge elements

Using MindManager’s many unique ‘information cartography’ features (see above), some of the core information contained in the linked to resources could be embedded within, or attached to, the indiividual seed branches in the map as one or more knowledge elements….

Outline Shape – This may convey knowledge about some aspect of the subject of the branch. For example for branches representing geographic areas, the outline shape indicates the nature of its’ borders with neighbouring areas with respect to the sea…

CIRCLE = all coastal borders (ie. ‘island(s)’)

HEXAGON = all land borders (ie. ‘land-locked’)

ROUNDED RECTANGLE = mixed coastal & Land borders

Fill Colour – Sometimes the colour filling a branch conveys knowledge eg. a particular political party.

Image [Embedded] – Images provide a unique visual element that users can instantly ‘latch onto’ as they navigate their way around the map. So such things as….

screenshots of actual geographic maps (eg.thumbnail location maps),
flags
icons
people (eg. profile pictures)
logos
etc.

Text – Thanks to MindManager’s unique ability to handle ‘rich’ text – the ability to variably format individual chatracters within a single text ‘string’ – we can pack several different pieces of ‘core knowledge’ – such as names & unique identifying codes (taken from official sources) – into the text of a single branch without it visually overwhelming the user.

Note [Attached] – A branch note can contain all the elements of a word processed page – variably formatted (‘rich’) text, links, tables and images, and so is an ideal place for supplementary information that would otherwise add visual clutter to the map.

Data Elements [Embedded] – MindManager has 2 unique ways to add contextual ‘facts & figures’ (i.e. text and number fields) to individual branches so that they are visible to the user (though only one can be used on any given branch at one time)…

Spreadsheet Table / Chart – A branch specific spreadsheet table created using MindManager’s spreadshet tool (i.e. not referencing cells in a ‘normal’ spreadsheet file stored elsewhere), with all the usual functionality available. If the data content is structured appropriately, it can be toggled between ‘table’ and ‘chart’ view (though this view is ‘fixed’ when the map is exported to create the HTML version).

Multiple Single Data Fields – These are like single cells in a spreadsheet and the values – which can be text or numeric – can be used to visually format the branch using MindManager’s Smart Rules feature.

Index Marker Tags [Attached] – Arranged in groups and added to individual branches as appropriate, index marker tags add visible contextual knowledge, enable map filtering to show / hide only those branches with specified tags, and enable internal map navigation.

Multiple Hyperlinks [Attached] – Another unique feature, multiple links to a range of official / definitive / plain old useful knowledge resources attached to the seed branch – usually selected from the full range of general & geographic knowledge resource collections – help turn the map into a knowledge portal without adding to the visual clutter.

In practice these processes are not sequential but organically iterative – one feeds into the other, which then feeds back into that and so it goes on (like the Mindmapping process described earlier, but unlike that it is constrained by what is actually out there in the real world).

Anyway we hope you agree that the sum of the whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts 🙂

You can find out more about the details of the knowledge map making process in the ‘About – The Process’ section of this website.

Intrigued, we applied the same technique to the humble calendar – the atlas for ‘time space’ – and, to cut a slightly shorter research & development story short – our calendar knowledge maps were born…
(These also crossed over to the ‘geographic space’ when we added links to the national days of every country of the world, as well as calendars for specific countries…)

Thinking further we realised there’s plenty of ‘things’ in the world of human endeavour that are real, and important, and have hierarchical (and other) inter-relationship with other real, and important, things….

organisations from governments (national to local) and public bodies, to corporations to community groups, to informal networks
in fact networks, people and organisations of any type and the ‘spaces’, economic spaces. Such spaces can’t be mapped geographically, or even if they can, mapping them only geographically doesn’t add much to our practical knowledge about them. An ‘organisation map’ is an obvious example of such a non-geographic knowledge map.

In fact we soon realised that, using this new visual mapping technique , we could map pretty much capture any ‘space’ of human interest and endeavour – be it physical, virtual, conceptual or whatever – as a MindManager map…

In these days of information overload we also realised that our knowledge maps could help people – and the teams, organisations and communities of which they are part – more quickly and easily answer the basic questions about ‘the spaces’ that they spend a lot of their time & resources trying to find answers to…

What are the important ‘things’ that make up this ‘space’ we are interested in?
What is the ‘spatial’ / hierarchical relationship between them?
What do we know about them?
Where are those knowledge resources to be found?
How do we access them now – and in the future – so we can use them to benefit our organisation / community / project?

By discovering & accessing the knowledge they need more quickly (and with a lot less stress :-), they could spend their precious (and usually limited) time & resources actually utilisng it to do what they need to do, rather than scrolling through endless search results (assuming they knew what to look for in the first place of course).

Anybody with access to MindManager software can use our knowledge maps as ‘ready made’ templates to amend, adapt & repurpose (in whole or in part) in their own projects, so they do not have to re-invent the knowledge wheel each time.

However thanks to MindManager’s unique HTML export capabilities, the HTML versions of our knowledge maps can be accessed by anybody using any modern browser, on any device, on or offline, without the need for any plugins ie. everybody!

And so we opened our digital download map store so that anybody can benefit from the ‘universdally useful’ knowledge maps of our world we create, and began offering our knowledge mapping services to map ‘spaces’ on behalf of clients as well as help them to do it for themselves…

Go to the Knowledge Mappers Mapstore

Find out more on the Knowledge Mappers website

Map Facts

Here are some of the ‘fun facts’ 😉 about the 2019 General Election in Scotland’s 59 United Kindom Parliament Constituencies that we have discovered (and embedded!) during the process of creating this map…

Newly Elected MP's

Elected - 44 incumbent MPs (13 not re-elected), 4 previously serving MPs, 11 never served before MPs

By Political Party

Newly Elected MP's - SNP: 48 LDP: 4 Lab: 1 Con: 6

By Gender

Newly Elected MP's - Female: 16 Male: 43

By Majority

votes

East Dunbartonshire [SNP]

votes

Falkirk [SNP]

Candidates

292 candidates from 15 different parties standing across the 59 constituencies

By Political Party

Candidates - SNP: 59 LDP: 59 Lab: 59 Grn: 26 Con: 59 Oth: 34

By Gender

Candidates - Female: 117 Male: 175

By Electoral History

Incumbent MP's

57 out of 59 standing for re-election

By Political Party

MP's - SNP: 35 LDP: 4 Lab: 7 Con: 13

By Gender

MP's - Female: 15 Male: 44

By Majority

votes

Edinburgh South [Lab]

votes

North East Fife [SNP]

Constituencies

59 Scottish constituencies out of 650 total for UK

Geographic Area

Smallest & Largest

sq km

Glasgow North

sq km

Ross, Skye and Lochaber

Population

Smallest & Largest

people

Na h-Eileanan an Iar

people

Linlithgow and East Falkirk

Population Density

Smallest & Largest

people per sq km

Na h-Eileanan an Iar

people per sq km

Edinburgh North and Leith Constituency

Map Features

We take full advantage of MindManager’s many unique ‘information cartography’ features when creating our unique maps so we can pack in 1000’s of ‘bits’ of knowledge into a single, visually structured, intuitive to navigate document that can be easily shared. Here are the main features of this UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas CANDIDATES (21 Nov 2019) …

Big Map With 100's Of Branches & Resource Links And Capacity For Plenty More

With 4,968 knowledge resource links over 3,877 branches, this map is a useful, contextual knowledge resource in it’s own right, as well as being a visually structured index of the best definitive / official / plain old useful knowledge resources available in the public domain about the subject. Thanks to MindManager’s unique capabilities it has plenty of spare capacity for further content to be added in the future.

Main Branches Create Robust Visual Framework For 'Seed Branches'

The 1st level branches form the main (‘org-tree’) visual framework within which the map content of interest sits. It is a simple ‘A – Z’ layout, with the 2nd level Scottish United Kingdom Parliament Constituency branches arranged alphabetically in 7 groups of approximately equal sizes to pack as much in to a ‘single screen view’ as possible.

Visually Rich 'General Knowledge Seed' Branch For Each Of Scotland's 59 UK Parliment Constituencies

The 2nd level branches are political ‘knowledge seed points’ for individual United Kingdom Parlaiment constituencies. They contain the name & official constituency identifier codes in variably formatted (‘rich’) text, and a thumbnail location map image to aid user navigation and provide spatial context. This is supplemented by the variation in topic shape, which indicates the status of the borders with neighbouring electoral wards – all coastlal (ie. island), mixed or all land (ie. landlocked). There is also a table of the results by party for the most recent (half dozen or so) General Elections & by-elections, coloured by party, as well as multiple hyperlinks to public domain general, geographic & electoral knowledge resources about the constituency.
The full list of knowledge embedded within, and attached to, this seed topic is given in the map summary above.

Embedded Spreadsheet Contains 'Recent' General Election Results For The Constituency

Data features embedded within seed branches – like spreadsheets, charts & data fields (another unique MindManager feature) – provide another ‘channel’ of knowledge that adds context to the more detailed knowledge contained in the public domain resources linked to in the map. The embedded spreadsheet is a table of the results by party for the most recent General Elections & by-elections, coloured by party. Results go back to 1997 at most ie. 20 years or so (though a few consituencies were only formed in 2005 at the last boundary review). As well as the results for each party candidate, the turnout, and the majority of the winning candidate are also recorded. An additional column has been added for the 2019 General Election results, which will be populated in the ‘Election Results’ version of this map (published as soon as possible after December 12th). The colouring by party gives a simple ‘at a glance’ recent electoral history of the constituency, whilst the attached multiple hyperlinks to electoral knowledge resources will provide more detail as required.
The full list of data embedded within this seed topic is given in the map summary above.

Attached Multiple Hyperlinks To Public Domain Knowledge Resources About Constituency

Seed Branches have multiple hyperlinks attached to them (yet another unique feature of MindManager maps), which link to the best definitive / official / plain old useful knowledge resources available in the public domain about the subject. The ‘definable link text’ gives clarty as to the resource being linked to (which can be very variable if left to the default). As well as increasing the amount of knowledge that can be ‘squeezed’ into a map without increasing the ‘visual clutter’ of additional branches, it means these links can be retained if the seed branches are used in other maps, or the map is re-purposed. This is the case for this map, where the multiple hyperlinks attached to the constituency seed branches are selected from the sublink collections in the latest United Kingdom Parliament Scottish Constituencies – General, Geographic & Electoral Knowledge Atlas.
The full list of multiple knowledge resource hyperlinks attached to the seed topics in this map is given in the map summary above.

Index Marker Tag Groups Enable 'Geo Intelligent' & Other Map Filtering Of Constituencies

Constituency branches in the map may be tagged with one or more ‘index markers’ from one or more ‘marker groups’. These enable intelligent map filtering and quick navigation. Many of the tags are ‘geographic’ in nature such that branches are tagged with ‘where’ they are – eg. administrative or electoral areas. This gives the map in-built ‘spatial intelligence’ and the ability to be ‘geo-filtered’. (MindManager software users can copy and paste any of the marker groups in any other maps).
The full list of index marker tags attached to this seed topic is given in the map summary above.

Sub-Branch Collections Of Single Links To 2019 General Election Public Domain Knowledge Resources

The ‘main content’ of the map is contained in sub-branch collections off of the United Kingdom Parliament Scottish Constituencies seed branches. There are 2 collections – one for knowledge resources about all the candidates standing for election in the constituency, and one for the constituency election results (which are usually ‘keyed up’ in anticipation by this stage in the general election process). These are starting points for knowledge discovery and subsequent more detailed (‘desktop’) research. (MindManager software users have the advantage of being able to add to these branches as they go).
The full list of links in the sub-branch collections attached to this seed branch is given in the map summary above.

Seed Branches For All Candidates Standing In The Election In The Constituency

Branch outlined in red & embedded data cell with 2019 majority figure added if elected

Candidate nominations for the 2019 General Election closed at 4pm on Friday 11th November, 7 days after the parliament was dissolved (view the timetable here). By now candidates should have their online presence established if they didn’t have one already. The Who Can I Vote For? crowd-sourced website is a great starting point online.

*An asterisk indicates noteworthy changes in circumstances of the candidate since the close of nominations, which are recorded in the attached topic note. This could be losing the support of their party, on a temporary or permamnent basis, or their resignation or death.

Incumbent & Previously Elected MP Seed Branches Have Full Embedded & Attached Knowledge

The incumbent MP’s – and any candidates that have previously been MP’s – have the advantage of their record in office to stand on and, in this day and age, it’s pretty much fully preserved online. It’s also more than likely been captured in previously published editions of our ‘UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies & Members Political Knowledge Atlas‘, the ‘basemap’ we use to create this one. Thus we can re-use those seed branches & sub-link collections so that all the embedded & attached political knowledge resources for these previously elected candidates are retained in this map.
The full list of knowledge embedded within, and attached to, this seed topic is given in the map summary above.

Embedded Data Fields Show All MP's Majorities

Data features embedded within seed branches – like spreadsheets, charts & data fields (another unique MindManager feature) – provide another ‘channel’ of knowlegde that adds context to the more detailed knowledge contained in the public domain resources linked to in the map. The data fields embedded in the incumbent or previously elected MP seed topic show their majorities every time they were successfully elected to represent the constituency. Note these may be not be consecutive as MP’s might lose their seat at one election and be re-elected at the next. Also there may be fewer majorities recorded for the MP than recent election victories for their party as previously incumbent MPs have not sought re-election. Some MP’s may also have represented other constituencies in the past.
The full list of data embedded within this seed topic is given in the map summary above.

Attached Multiple Hyperlinks To Public Domain Knowledge Resources

Seed Branches have multiple hyperlinks attached to them (yet another unique feature of MindManager maps), which link to the best definitive / official / plain old useful knowledge resources available in the public domain about the subject. The ‘definable link text’ gives clarty as to the resource being linked to (which can be very variable if left to the default). As well as increasing the amount of knowledge that can be ‘squeezed’ into a map without increasing the ‘visual clutter’ of additional branches, it means these links can be retained if the seed branches are used in other maps, or the map is re-purposed. This is the case for this map, where the multiple hyperlinks attached to previously serving MP’s seed branches are selected from the sublink collections in the latest ‘UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies & Members Political Knowledge Atlas‘.
The full list of multiple knowledge resource hyperlinks attached to the seed topics in this map is given in the map summary above.

Sub-Branch Collections Of Single Links To Public Domain Knowledge Resources

The Scottish United Kingdom Parliament Members sub-branch collections – each with a single hyperlink to official / definitive / at least practical & useful online knowledge resources – are grouped into related collections for ‘Official Parliamentary’, ‘Official Party/MP Controlled’ and ‘Externally Controlled’ knowledge resources. These are starting points for knowledge discovery and subsequent more detailed (‘desktop’) research. (MindManager software users have the advantage of being able to add to these branches as they go).
It should be noted that during the purdah period (between the old parliament being disolved and the new one declared) technically there are no longer any MPs and so some of the knowledge resources about them linked to are made unavailable temporarily. This situation has been exaserbated by the ongoing transitioning to a new UK Parliament website for some content whilst still running the existing one. Thus some links may not become available again even after the new parliament has convened (which we will sort out for the next edition of the ‘UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies & Members Political Knowledge Atlas‘ once everything has ‘setled down’).
The full list of links in the sub-branch collections attached to this seed branch is given in the map summary above.

Incumbent MP Not Seeking Re-Election Seed Branch Retained For Voter Reference

For this election there are only 2 incumbent MP’s that are not seeking re-election (for a variety of reasons… let’s not go there…). We have included their seed branch with it’s full range of embedded and attached knowledge resources as a sub-branch of their replacement candidate for the party. If voters have access to the full picture of what has gone before, it may give an insight of what might happen in the future…

Index Marker Tag Groups Enable Map Filtering Of Candidates By Criteria

All candidate branches in the map are tagged with ‘index markers’ from several CANDIDATE specific ‘marker groups’. This enables the map branches to be filtered by candidate party, gender, electoral history (ie. which elections they have successfully been elected in previously) and electoral status (eg. incumbent MP seeking re-election). (MindManager software users can copy and paste any of the marker groups in any other maps).
The full list of index marker tags attached to the seed topics in this map is given in the map summary above.

Map Legend Branch Describes Each Topic 'Type' With Links To Further Information

Every map needs to have a legend that explains the cartographic structure, colours and symbology used. The ‘Map Legend’ branch describes the sub-components of each ‘type’ of map branch, with links to further knowledge resources where necessary.

'Contributing Online Knowledge-bases Branch' With Links To Further Information

We hunt down and assess many official / definitive / at least practical & useful online knowledge resources in the process of creating our maps. The ‘Contributing Online Knowledge-bases’ branch has links to all the ones that are actually linked to in the main map content, as well as some others that are a good source of general knowledge about the subject. It is a frustrating fact of life that some resources are organised better than others, and not all are ‘linkable to’ at the individual ‘building block’ level and so can’t be included in seed branches.

'Voter Help For Scottish Elections Branch' With Links To Useful Resources

The ‘Voter Help For Scottish Elections’ branch has links to useful links to help you registering to vote, find out which Local Council Electoral Ward, Scottish Parliament Constituency & Region or UK Parliament Constituency you live in, notice of any upcoming elections in your area and where to vote in them, and what the voting record for your incumbent MP’s or MSP’s.

To know that we know what we know, and to know that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.

Nicolaus Copernicus

16th Century Mathematician & Astronomer

Tae ken that we ken whit we ken, and tae ken that we dinnae ken whit we dinnae ken, that's whit it's aw aboot, ye ken?

Rab C. Nesbitt

Contemporary Scottish Philosopher

And whilst we're aboot it, tae ken where the hell ye get haud of whit ye need to ken, when ye need to ken it, if ye dinnae ken it awready?

Rab C. Nesbitt

Contemporary Scottish Philosopher

These knowledge maps show the 'national local' building blocks of Scotland as they exist today, but they can also be used to strategically think about what could be in the future, and operationally plan the delivery of what will be tomorrow.

Angus McDonald

Scotland The Map Project Director and Knowledge Mappers Founder & CEO

Do not only go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Philosopher and Transcendentalist

The task is, not so much to see what no one has yet seen; but to think what nobody has yet thought, about that which everybody sees.

Erwin Schrodinger

Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist & Cat Owner (Part-time)

A map is the greatest of all epic poems. It's lines and colours show the realisation of great dreams.

Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor

'Father of Photo-Journalism' & 1st Full-Time Editor Of National Geographic Magazine

Comments

We are continually striving to improve our Scottish knowlegde maps and value your feedback, suggestions & comments.

Map Finder

Use the tools in this panel, which is included on every page (as is the sticky menu at the top of every page) – to find the maps you are looking for. You can do a free text search, or filter by category, tag or publication date. Alternatively you can just browse the ‘All Map Listing’, or the ‘knowledge map of knowledge maps’ at the foot of this (and every) page for one that catches your eye.

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UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas RESULTS (13 Dec 2019)

UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas RESULTS (13 Dec 2019)

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View HTML5 map full screen

Part of the 'Governance & Politics' Category

Part of the 'Governance & Politics' Category

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View HTML5 map full screen

Download HTML5 (.html) Map [30.8 MB]

Download MindManager (.mmap) Map [21.5 MB]

UK Parliament Constituency Political Knowledge Seed Branch

General Election Candidate (Incumbent or Previous MP) Knowledge Seed Branch

General Election Candidate (Other) Knowledge Seed Branch

General Election CANDIDATES Knowledge Resources

General Election RESULTS Knowledge Resources

UK Parliament Scottish Constituencies – 2019 General Election Knowledge Atlas RESULTS (13 Dec 2019)

Anatomy of a knowledge map

Hierarchical framework of interconnected branches

Embedded / attached knowledge elements

File formats

MindManager (.mmap)

HTML5 (.html)

Using HTML maps

Benefits

Background to how we got here...

What Software Adds To The MindMapping Process

It's A Digital Document

Unlimited Editing & Re-arrangement Of Contents 'On The Hoof'

Infinite Canvas

Infinite Hierarchical Levels

More 'Visual Channels' For Capturing Information

From Initial Thoughts & Ideas, Through Plan Of Action To Completed Deliverable

Wide Variety of Map Layout Styles (even at individual branch level)

Big Maps, With 1000's Of Branches & Even More Hyperlinks

Variably Formatted ('Rich') Branch Text

Multiple Hyperlinks On A Single Branch

Embedded Single Data Cells ('Topic Properties')

HTML Export

Both are their own type of visual knowledge format

Both map 'the things' that together define 'a space'

Both map the relationships between 'the things' that together define 'the space'

Both use cartographic principles and devices to create a visual structure & language

Both can be built up in layers of related 'things'

Both are physical - and therefore archivable - knowledge artefacts

ISO3166-1 - The definitive list of 'Countries of the World'

UN Geoscheme - ISO3166-1 Countries grouped into Macro geographic regions & sub-regions

Turning the Geoscheme data table into a basic MindManager map

Turning the basic MindManager map into a Knowledge Atlas

Incorporating links to knowledge resources about the country / region into the map

Incorporating contextual knowledge gleaned from the 'linked to' resources as visual knowledge elements

Map Facts

Newly Elected MP's

By Political Party

Newly Elected MP's - SNP: 48 LDP: 4 Lab: 1 Con: 6

By Gender

Newly Elected MP's - Female: 16 Male: 43

By Majority

East Dunbartonshire [SNP]

Falkirk [SNP]

Candidates

By Political Party

Candidates - SNP: 59 LDP: 59 Lab: 59 Grn: 26 Con: 59 Oth: 34

By Gender

Candidates - Female: 117 Male: 175

By Electoral History

Incumbent MP's

By Political Party

MP's - SNP: 35 LDP: 4 Lab: 7 Con: 13

By Gender

MP's - Female: 15 Male: 44

By Majority

Edinburgh South [Lab]

North East Fife [SNP]

Constituencies

Geographic Area

Glasgow North

Ross, Skye and Lochaber

Population

Na h-Eileanan an Iar

Linlithgow and East Falkirk

Branch outlined in red & embedded data cell with 2019 majority figure added if elected